Chapter 6- Flashcards
National Gang Information Center 2005 (NGIC)
-Federal Agency
~Complies data from all agencies
*Each contributes to the data, and each needs good data to do their job
~Recent Numbers
*Indicates that there are 30,000 gangs in the US that are prone to violence
*Numbers are decreasing, as well as the number of gang members
**Gang age is also decreasing
~Considered conservative in terms of how they rate gangs
*States with female gang members are 10+%
~Focus on high level and sophisticated gangs
*High portion dealing with drug trafficking, violence, etc.
~When putting key members in prison, expect that gang to suffering does not happen
*It is so easy for gang members to call the shots within prison due to the smuggling of phones, etc.
-Definition of gangs
~Frindship ties
~Common personal interests
~Violence
~Turf oriented
Malcolm Klein and Maxson
-Studied gangs in LA
~Tried to draw a line between different gang violence
~Refered to gang affiliation violence
*Violence by someone who is affiliated with a gang
~Gang motivated violence
*When they tell you to do it or you do it for the gang
~Gang enhancements were designed to offer other deterrents to have to be careful to use is properly
-Measuring Gang Violence
~Start by surveying gang members and ask them about their behaviors
~Servey law enforcement officers and ask them about gang violence
~Look at official data (UCR, etc.)
~Look at academic research
*LA = Klein and Maxon
*El Paso = Sanders
*San Antonio = Valdez
*Chicago = Cook and Blocks
*St. Louis = Esbenson and Peterson
*Rochester, NY = Thornberry and Lizatte
-Gang violence tends to be very linear, violent, and masculine
Violence with public health
-Large cities have more gang affiliations
~Homicide
-Valdize
~Second time going back
~Violence (Why?)
~What are some of the goals?
~5 gang violence categories
*Arguments over drug transactions
**Between buyer and seller
*Personal disagreements of the same gang
*Disagreements between gangs
*Targeted assaults without being deadly
**Lack of trauma centers due to lack of medical centers
*Fights occurred when cruising and looking for trouble
~When you mix alcohol with violence, violence increase
~Other drugs do not increase the violent rampage
-Esbensen and Peterson (St. Louis)
~1st year gang members ship have the highest violence records (youth gang members)
~Why did you join the gang?
*The gang membership would keep them safe by watching their back
**W.I Thomas four wishes (security)
*Join the gang made them less safe but created an illusion of making them safe
**Once they join, they increase the low-level risk to a high-level risk (beating up by the gang vs. getting injured by another gang)
~Controlable vs. uncontrollable risk
*The kids followed social psych behaviors
*Proximity of getting beaten up every day vs. getting shot
*Chemo 60% of life
-Nichole Johnson (study in Phili)
~Drug market places emerging
Large-scale drug sales
**The impact of the centers is negative
**It becomes a hot spot
-Superspreader events as drug markets
~CRJ compared to Public Health
*Looking at violence as a cold
**Epidemics of shooting
~Begins in Scotland
*The influence of Glasgow
~Dr. Goodall
*Kept stitching the same people up
**Neck, Chest, Face, etc.
*The victims and perpetrators are the same people who kept getting stitched up
**Example of contagion
*With risky behaviors, there is always a payoff, such as pleasure
**Violence is a sense of urgency and need
~Police Department in Scotland
*Found the people who engage in violence won’t speak to them
**The goal was to
~Karen McKlusky
Part of the Glasgow Police Department
**Strathclyde
**Looking at the data that violence is going up
“I don’t know, but we need to do something different.”
**Different ideas with stabbings
**They are all the same in the neighborhoods
**Such as poverty
*VRU -Violence Reduction Unit
**Medical, Public Health, and Police Department
**ASk the WHO (World Health Organization)
~WHO
*Looking at the USA
**Have to contain the vector of transmission and treat the problem
~Gary Slutkin
Working in Somalia
**Two big diseases
**TB and Coleria
*Goes back the Chicago
**West Garfield
3 Key Points to solve the violence “outbreak”
**Map out the locations of violence
**Get messengers to send into the area to control the “outbreak”
**Trained the people to give out the message, and they had to believe it (people with street cred)
**Get together a plan
He talked to gang members to talk to other gang members
“Flu causes flu, cold causes cold, and violence causes more violence.”
*People don’t have to engage in violence
Worked with a group called “Cure Violence”
*Cure Violence
**Same issues that were in Glasgow
***Demetrices Cole
**Cole becomes a “Violence Interrupter”
***IS a messenger with credibility
**Violence rate dropped by 60% from having a murder almost every other night
How do you do it?
**Constructive shadowing
**Repeat back to what they are saying and how it sounded back
**Look for non-violent solutions
**Babysitting
**Keep them there and let them cool off
Tried in multiple places
**It worked in other places
****They find that people who are “Violence Interrupters;” people will go up to them before the violence even happens now they become “Violence Preventers”
****He loses funding due to the lack of “Hard on Crime”
***Run Cure Violence through Chicago Medical School
~Kennedy
*Work with the “Violence Interrupter” or face severe punishment (everyone goes to jail)
-Common Book
-DND
~
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Cultural Factors of Criminology
-Subculture
~Hand signals/terminology
-Ferrell and Sanders
~Gang and crime culture used to be isolated but not always intertwined
*Different color bandanas
*Baggy pants (Counties)
**Movement of juveniles getting out of prison
~Edge work
*People were pushing the limits, and culture decided to change the norms to fit the limits
-Ferrell
~Biker Gangs (road with them), amongst other subcultures
~Cultural Criminology
Little on Chicago School (ZOT)
Conflict Theory (Power)
**Behavior and enforcement of laws
*Labeling Theory (Visual)
*Moral Entropunuor
*Participant Action Research
**Partaking in the subculture
**Studying them on the inside of the culture
~Culture leading to crime
Emotions play into a group (subcultures)
**Have to share the same emotions as a group
**NOT just the look and behaviors
**Larger groups would tend to have a higher emotional factor compared to smaller groups
**Displaying the emotion that fits into the group
Images
**Look at defining their culture
**Sometimes, the image became criminalized
****EX: Zoot Suits (LA, CA)
Collective way of life
**It becomes a collective way of life, no longer a style; it is part of your subculture
~Crime leading to culture
*Biker gangs
**They have jobs (mostly firemen)
**The culture is criminalized even if they are not doing anything wrong
**Worried about fights breaking out
**Happened in Reno a few years back over a parking spot
**Refused to be subordinate
Rap Artists
**Criminalized on the lyrics
**They can say something, but it does not mean they have done the actions
*Graffiti and Punk Artists
**Also cultures that have the belief that they are criminal even if not participating in criminal activity
~Edgework
On the edge of acceptability within society
**Decriminalization of Mary Jane
**Should be displaying some form of emotions
Prodomitally a male behavior
**New research suggests that females have a form of edgework, but in a different sense
**Different things and different ways
**Jumping jobs for pay increases, female-run companies, etc.
~Criminilization Campaigns
*Using certain words in certain songs
**Trying to decriminalize languages (1st Amendment violation)
**Ways to control the subculture
-Mike Carlie
~ Gangs are a society within a society; they are a part of both
Group has to indore and longevity
Cooperative group
Acceptive behaviors and patterns
***Learned through Cultural Transmission
~Macro level
*Transmission of ideas
*Have to have territory (turf)
*Patterns and behaviors
**Acceptable behaviors and patterns
*Violation of the norms
**Has to have a punishment
~Talks to gang members
*Has fluidity within the collective culture ways
**Lations have a closer collective culture compared to African American gangs
***Charles is part of the Piru gang
**“We got it from LA. Some gangs are not organized, but our gang is highly organized. There are three levels: flunky (get told what to do), lookouts (watch the gang members if the police are coming around), and shot caller/ OG (dealer of drugs. The goal is to make money. “
***Postindustrial gang
*Gang membership does not make much difference besides who makes the most money.
**Hispanic gangs
***Never cooperate with the police
***Never allow an insult to go unresponded
***Never snitch
**What happens if these happen
**They would get punishment two types of: time violation (gang member would beat them for a set amount of time, protection), number punishment (set number of punches), and third type (Beating you until your kidneys bleed)
-Walter Miller
~Inner city gang members vs. rural gang members
Status 50s- 2000s gangs
**Distinct lower-class culture from middle-class cultures
~Idea of toughness
At the physical level
**Able to resist pain and physical pain
~Smartness
*Street Smarts
**How to get into trouble without getting caught
**SER School
****Survive, Evade, Resist
**How to lose a game, to hussle money without offending them
~Excitment
~Fate
*They are born into a crappy existence, so you might as make the best of it
~Autonomy
*Desire to not be controlled
*School Prison Pipeline mentality
~Status and role Expectations
*Within the gang, each member has an expectation, violations
**
Biker Gangs
-Big 6 Biker Gangs
~Hells Angels
Fontana, CA 1948
**Vets buy the surplus of bikes after the war
**Comes out of POBB (Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington)
**MSC (Market Street Comanders)
**Boozefighters
**Some of the members bailed on the groups above
**They decided to create a new group called the Hells Angels
They “sell” the image of skull and flames
**Auto Friedli
**Aircraft mechanic during WWII
***Goes to prison and becomes a born-again Christian
**Crates another biker group, “Black Sheep Harley-Davidson of Christ”
Gain notoriety and other counters control
**Rolling Stones
**Hunter Thomson
**Gain the press and media that other biker groups will not get compared to Hells Angels
*Predominantly white ethnic group
~Holister, CA (Where the fight that caused the Hells Angels was born)
AMA (America Motorcycle Association)
**To become a number one rider, you had to specialize in each area of motorbiking
**“99% of bikers are abiding citizens; the 1% are outlaws”
*1% patch is the “Outlaw” identity stuck and exists in the form of a patch worn by bikers from all different clubs
~Sons of Silence
1966 CO
**Secretive group
**Drug running/Gun running
***Silence Rule
**Don’t tell people about the group membership and
~Vagos
1965 CA
**Wear green and known as “Green Nation”
**Australia and Sweeden
*Looking at where the Hells Angels were and going to different areas from the Hells Angels
**Natural Enemies of Hells Angels
*Perdominetly Lation
~Mongols
*1969 CA
**Stedeling has been growing at a normal rate
*No longer allow members to be addicts (New)
~Pagans
*1959 Maryland
**Started riding tramps
*Positioned against the Hells Angels from gun-running
**Associated with the Italian Mafia
~Banditos
1966 TX
**Claim the entire state
**2500 members
**One of the first gangs to have a Latin origin
**Turf originated
-“Outlaws”
~AOA (American Outlaw Association)
Does not like the Hells Angels
**Due to being started in 1935
**Jacket has “ADIOS” (Angel Die In Outlaw States)
-How did they get their information
~Charlie Falco
Federal Informant
Got into Biker Clubs
*Clubs fight due to Turf
**Three Piece emblem
***Top and bottom have to be flat instead of having the rockers
*Who mainly joins these clubs
**Mainly really like ex-military members who are older
*How do you join
**Its a long process
***Have to move throughout the ranks, and it can take up to 5 years
**The comfort and security within the groups
**Competition within the club gets violent because someone got looked over a promotion
-Founder
~Founding members and only happens once “President” has been there from the beginning
-President
~Person who runs everything “CEO”
~Liaison for the group
~Promotes the Club in the Chapter
-Vice President
~Supervise the plans for club events and coordinate the committees
-SGT AT ARMS
~Uphold all the laws and rules of the club
~Strip the colors or patches from members who are removed from the club by retiring, resigning or being impeached or expelled
~Sometimes removal of tattoos
-Road Captain
~Plans all club runs and tells the Secretary of the plans for a running advance
~President rides at the front of the group and
-Secretary
~Writes reports and correspondence between outside organizations
~Conducts roll call
-Treasurer
~Responsible fro the club patches that are un-issued as well as a record of the patches
~Controll bills, dues, etc.
-Enforcer
~Keeps order in meetings, and typically the weapon carrier
-Prospects
~Wants to join the club
~Engage in illegal activities in order to carry out the request of the patch Member
~Does not have voting rights
~Have to prove they are worthy of being a club member
-Member
~Patch, Rider, Patch member
~Patching over
*Have the right to wear the clubs’ colors and attend club meetings
-Chaplain
~”Wise one”
~Spiritual member of the club
~Chaplains can be of any faith
~Gives spiritual advice
Prison Gangs
-Donald Clemmer
~ First person to research prisonization in a cultural setting
*Combining prison and socialization
~Why does prisonization develop?
Innternilizes the folkways, more’s, customs, and culture of the prison
**Customs of prison most strongly had the greatest problem adapting to the outside society when they were released
**If you accept, it makes living in prison easier, but it makes a living on the outside harder
**It develops due to prison being controlling and lack of creativity
~Convict attitude comes from
*Timed behavior, eating in 15 minutes or showering in 2 minutes
*Personal appearance
~Independent of age and time in prison
*Interactions of who you hang out with and develop these same codes as a form of survival in an oppressive environment
~Attitudes and behaviors that inmates demand of each other for the sake of survival reduce the chances of parole for those same inmates
*Parole wants to see a cooperative and enlightened inmate, not those with the “us versus them” mentality
**The attitude is not great to translate to the outside world
~Inmates and convicts
*Inmate
**Transportation of criminals from England
**Leprosariums for those with Leprosy
**Asylums (former leprosariums) for those who were too “different” to fit in
**Ships to move those who were different to other places (the Ship of Fools)
**Some were too “Different” to be allowed to leave the ship; they were “inmates”
**Inmate implies that there is something wrong with you
**CONVICT is a respectable title, and INMATE is an insult
*Convict, on the other hand, implies that you made a decision and are taking your
~Inmate code versus Convict Code
*Never inform on a fellow prisoner
*Mine your own business
*Don’t exploit your fellow prisoner
*Don’t cooperate with ‘the man’
*Do your own time
*Be a man and accept your punishment
*Don’t whine about your problem, always appear strong
-Victor D. Lofgreen
~Nebraska at Kearney
*Worked with the prison system in Nebraska as Division Chief of the state Planning Agency for Corrections
*Goes back to academia and took a job in TX
*Goes back and forth between the prison system and academia
~Characterizes the dynamic power relationship into four stages: i, ii, iii, iv
Clock analogy
**I = Staff Dominant; Inmate Subjugated
**II = Staff Dominant; Inmate Labor Source
**Halfway through = Elequlibrium of staff and inmate
**III = Inmate Dominant; Staff reactionary
**IV = Inmate Dominant; Staff Compromised
**Crisis = Power has to be taken back by force
**Lockdown = Total shutdown
**The cycle never stops
**Can’t turn the clock back, but the prison can’t run without the inmates
-Old Gangs (1950s and 1960s)
~Mexican Mafia (La Eme) 1950s
City kids
**Sleepy Lagoon
**LA region
**Did not accept kids who did not live in cities
*CA kids only
*Mexican-American males belong to Southern CA street gangs
**Ethnic solidarity and control of drug trafficking
**Providing protection for imprisoned La Costa Nostra members in the Federal Bureau of Prisons
*Income
**Drug trafficking
**Gambling
**Prostitution within the prison system
*Symbols
**EME, MM, or M
**Black single change print, usually black and over the heart
*Enemies
**La Nuestra Familia
**Nother Structure because they are northern and aligned with La Nuestra Familia
**Black Guerrilla Family
*Friends
**Aryan Brotherhood
**Mexikanemi
**La Costa Nostra
~Aryan Brotherhood (1964)
*20,000 members in and out of prison
*In San Quentin State Prison in 1967
*Simply “ getting high and getting over”
*Neo-nazi characteristics and ideologies, white supremacist
*Originally apolitical; in custody for crime such as robbery
*Less than 1%
*“Blood in, blood out” oath must be taken
Income
**Drug distribution
**Cocaine, heroin,
Symbols
**Shamrock clover leaf or bluebirds
**AB or number 12
**Swastikas
**Double lighting bolts that look SS
**“666” of “88” meaning HH or “Heil Hitler”
**Symbols mentioned above with the name of the state, so a clover leaf with the word TEXAS over it
*Enemies
**Black Guerrilla Family
**La Nuestra Familia
**Crips
**Bloods
*Friends
**Mexican Mafia
**Biker Gangs
~Black Guerrilla Family (1966)
~Nusetra Familia (1968)
*CA kids only
-Middle age Gangs (1970s)
~Neta
*Established in 1970 in Rio Pedras Prison, Puerto Rico
**It was formed to stop the violence between inmates housed in the Rio Pedras Prison
*They use the facade of a cultural organization
*MEmber are strongly patriotic and have associated themselves with a revolutionary Puerto Rican group called the Los Macheteros
*Neta members come together in observance of their fallen member in the 30th of each month
*They do not like the police and will not hesitate to attack or kill
They distributed powder and crack cocaine, herion, marijuana, etc.
*they commit almost every single crime like robbery, shootings, extortion
*Symbols
**Colors: red, blue, sometimes black
**They wear beads in these colors
**If they have white beads they are prospects until they are considered loyal
**A heart priced by teo crossing Puerto Rican flags with shackled right hand with the middle and index fingers crossed
**Members salute each other by holding the crossed fingers
*Enemies
**Authority (Police)
~Texas Syndicate
*Formed in Calis Folsom prison in direct response to the Aryan Botherhood and Mexican Mafia preying on native Texas inmates
*Membership is rising nationally due to recruitment
*TS now accept members from Latin American countries such as Colombia, Cuba, and Mexico
Names
**Members called “Carnal”
**A group of members is “Carnales”
**TS recruit is called a “Cardinal”
**The leader is called the “Chairman”
**Active on both sides of the boarder
**Smuggles multi-ton quantities of marijuana and loads of powder cocaine, herion, and meth from Mexico
**Distribution is both inside the outside of prison
**Tattooed with TS, often the “S” is a snake
**Generally located on the arm
*Enemies
**Aryan Brotherhood, Nuestra Familia, Mexican Mafia, Mexikanemi
*Friends
**Texas Mafia, Drity white Boys
~Nazi Low Rides
*Organized among inmates housed by the Cali tough authority
*Roots in Aryan Brotherhood
**LAte 1970s Aryan Brotherhood started to recruit young skinheads incarcerated by the CAli tough authority at the Preston Youth Correctional Facility in lone, and at the tough training school in Chino
*Narcatics trafficking, murder, assault, robbery, identity fraud, and meth sales and smaller amount of herion and marijuana
*Symbols
**Swastikas, SS lightening bolt, NRL
*Enemies
**La Nuestra Familia, and northern structure, Black Guerilla Family, Anyone of color
*Friends
**Aryan Brotherhood and other skinhead gangs
-New Gangs (1980s to present)
~Mexikanemi (1984 AKA Texas Mexian Mafia)
*Formed in Texas prisons because they weren’t allowed anywhere else
*MOst members are Mexican nationals or Mexican-American Texans
*Highly structured and is estimated to have 2,000 members
*They run a huge drug-trafficking operation involving cocaine, ecstasy pills, marijuana, and meth in the Southwest, particularly in Texas
*Member are right with Mexican cartel, especially the paramilitary group Low Zetas
*Member obtain narcotics from associates or members of the Jaime Herrera-Herrera, etc.
~The Hermanos de Pistoleros Latinos 1980s
*Hispanic Prsion gang with about 1,000 members was formed near Laredo, Texas, in the 1980s
*HPL also operated in several cities in Mexico, particularly Nuevo Laredo
*Keep close ties with Mexican drug cartels and involved in trafficking large quantities of cocaine and marijuana from Mexican into the US
*Known to utilize intelligence sources to learn when other gangs are bringing their drugs into the US
**Then they rob them
*Goals seem to be more oriented around profit and the accumulation of wealth rather than social or political power
~Barrio Azteca 1986
*Also known as “Los Aztecas” formed in the El Paso, Tx prison system in 1986
*Expanded after 1996 due in part to increasing deportations of imprisoned Mexican criminal by the US
*By the early 2000s the gang controlled prisons in Chihuahua, and has since continued to grow
*Has members in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Texas authorities have reported a Barrio Azteca presence in New emxic
*Started to assist Mexicos Juarez Cartel, they became important in the battle between Juarez Cartel and the Sinaloa Cartel for control of the city
*Juarez Cartel armed wing “La Linea” recruited members from Barrio Azteca to fight the Sinaloans in 2008
They also help move drugs and people for the cartel
*Controls local drug distribution, extortion rackets and human smuggling, charging other criminals to operate in ite territory
*Drug distribution is believed to represent over half of the gangs revenue
*Recruits inmates, gang refers to itself as the “Familia Azteca”
*Operates with a hierarchical structure similar to the army
*A committee of “generals”
Names
**Generals
**Captians
**Lieutenants
**Sergeans
**Kids (for Distribution)
**Trained by the Zetas
*Key Ally
**Juarez cartel and La Linea
*Enemy
**Sinaloa Cartel
~Public Enemy Number One 1986
*Hardcore punk scene in Long Beach
*Base of operation had moved to Orange Country where they began recruiting white suburban adolescents
*Now have ties to prison gangs
*Fastest growing “white power” prison gang in the US with chapters on both coasts and in the south
*Amplified its power by forming an alliance with the Aryan Brotherhood and the NLR
*Market meth
*Enganged in assault, attempted murder, homicide, auto theft, burglary, and identity theft
*Heavily involved in identity theft (which is abnormal) and the income was used to finance meth sale and other operations
*They raiding mailboxes and trash cans for personal information
*Gang used contacts inside bank, mortgage companies, and the DMV in order to gain access to credit profiles
*Uses the number 737 to indicate association with the gang
~Dead Man Incorporated 2000
*Three prison inmates (perry Roark, James Sweeney, and Brian Jordan) started DMI in Maryland after Perry Roark tried to join the BGF and got denied
*DMI worked for the BGF as enforcers but soon began offering those services to other gangs by targeting rivals and correctional staff
*Entry into drug trafficking and other crimes to advance their own agendas
*Quinn recruited anybody who wanted to join in every loactionb
*Sweeny sought increased numbers, while Roarke preferred quality over quantity
*Quinn recruited anybody who wanted to join in every location
*Sweeny sought increased number, while Roarke preferred quality over quantity
*Quinn later assailed a cop to get into the Virginia prison system to further recruiting process
*DMI then started swallowing up smaller gangs and is now one of the largest prison gangs in the Maryland area
*The once tight-knit structure of the group has broken down with the increase in numbers
*Violence within the gang starts to break out; people want to move up in rank (status)
*Leader split up
(Involved in murder-for-hire, acts of intimidation, violence, and drug distribution
*Refer to each other as “Dawgs” or “DMI against world government”
*Symbols
**Pit bulls, DMI, 4139 meaning DMI, and the pyramid with the severed eye of providence
**Mark of the dead man (an upside down cross) given to the DMI members for either stabbing or killing people in the Maryland correctional system
**Skull tattoos with eyes inked in red also identify a killer (worn strictly by O.G members typically with high ranking) typically on the forearms or hand for killing multiple people of trivial gangs or staff members of prisons
**They don’t really have set colors but some have started to wear black and white bandanas in their left pockets
