Chapter 1-5 and Kline Flashcards
What is a gang?
-Bikers tend to have a patch on the back of their jackets that says MC or RC to identify that they are not a gang but only a club
-OJJDP (1970s)
~Office of Justice Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention (YOUTH)
Is the administrative program (Gov.)
**More than two people
**Three or more can be a gang between the ages of 12-24 yrs
**With a shared identity. The first thing that most people say out of their mouth (Master Status)
****The identity can be based on location in a city, “race,”
**Appearance is going to be similar to anyone else in the gang
**Using the visuals can cause a problem
**The gang has to have stability and permanence within
**It has to be involved in criminal activities
**Without criminal activities, it can be filtered into other groups that are not gangs, such as Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, FFA, Shriners, etc.
-CA View
~Ongoing group
It does not have to be a formal group; it can be a loose group since they come and go quickly in the state
**Three or more people
**Using identification based on body language
**Criminal activity
**Similar to OJJDP
-NV
~Can be found in 193.168 NRS
*Any combination of persons
*Formal or informal
*The group is so constructed that even if key members move or leave the group
**If it can continue without the leader, it is a functional gang group
*Common name, symbol, gestures
*Particular conduct
**Status and conduct behavior, customs
*Common activities that can be punishable crimes at the federal level
**So if it is a misdemeanor level, they are not considered a gang in the state
Gang affiliation
-They have a name and hand signals
~They are credit card theft
Knocking the person with a skillet conscience
Is it gang behavior or domestic violence
*If someone orders another gang member to shank the person, is it a gang hit or something else
**Depending on the state/gang, rules vary
**Most times, there are no answers because it is a grey area, and most of the time, it is unclear, and we ignore it and hope the courts or other people can use their guts to figure it out on their own
Why are there gangs?
-Social reasons, economic, Theories
-Theories
~Thrasher (1920-1930s)
First researchers on gangs (grandfather or godfather of gang research)
**Gangs did not count for that much crime due to that time of his research
**When you want to handle the major part of the crimes, you look at the large crime rate
He research 1313 gang members (Chicago School)
****Small and local communities
**Natural part of life in the circumstances in that part of Chicago
*****The gang member identify within the identity of the neighborhood
~Points of gangs
Gangs naturally emerge from poor and socially disorganized neighborhoods
**Central Business District
**Factories
**ZOT (SLUM)
**Social disorganization
**Dorms are the slums of college
**Working-class homes
**Community (higher paying jobs)
Survey of 1313 gangs
**The boys of the gangs had nothing else to do
**Too young to work, and they did not have to go to school
The boys who join the gangs lack the skills and drive to compete with others
**Gang is an easy way to have a lack of skills and drive
**Is an easy way to get or develop a skill
*Gangs are different by age groups
**The younger gangs aged into older groups
*Gangs facilitate delinquencies
**It is possible to be a delinquent and not be in a gang or have a gang and not be a delinquent
-W.I Thomas
~Study female delinquents
*“Unadjusted Girl”
**Known as the four wishes
~4 wishes
*New experiences
**It is easy to get bored, so they need something to do that is new
**Life is boring, and we need something new to do
*Security
**They want friends to stick up for them if anything happens
**Female CO stick together so that someone has their back
*Response
**As a member of the group, you have a voice, and someone takes the voice seriously
*Recognition
**The group sees you with your own identity
~The 4 wishes get borrowed by gang researchers because they realize that gang members want to have new experiences, security, response, recognition
*Becomes the body of knowledge of gangs that comes to light by watching gang members
-Travis Hirschi
~Social Bond Theory
*Explain juvenile delinquencies, which turns into describing the gang-affiliated members
~A gang can be a subculture that you bond to
When you are bonded to a relationship
**Try to do things that the other person likes until the bond weakens
**When the bond is weakened, you are less desirable to do the things that make them happy, so you are more likely to do things that they are no longer interested in
~4 elements of social bonds
*Commitment
**Amount of time you spend investing in the group
*Involvement
**How much time do you have to be involved in the group
*Attachment
**Are there people in the group that you are attached to that help strengthen the connection
*Belief
**Do you believe what they are telling you is true
**If you buy into the belief, then the bond is strong
***If weak, you are more likely to be pulled into the group due to being unbonded from the weakness of the social ties
Development of Juveniles
-Patria Potestas (Old Test.)
~Father has the power
*The father had the right to death or life
*The father had the duty to protect the family
-Paterna Pietas (New Test.)
~The parents should be loving the members of the family
*They should not kill the children, but if it does happen, do it in a humane way
-Parens Patriae
~The parents are not the final authority over the child’s wellbeing
*The state has the right to take care of the children if the parents neglect the child’s development
*The state can take away the children if the parents can’t
Why do we worry about gangs?
-Gangs make up a small amount of the population
-Panics
~England
*Rabies
**This is when they found a dog with rabies and killed all the dogs
*Mugging
*Where everyone was freaked out about one mugging in the community
-Myths about gangs (Panics)
~East Coast gangs did not create panic like the West Coast gangs did
~Aug. 1, 1942 (WWII)
Bellgardens/Bells, CA
Suburbs turned into farmland
*Sleepy Lagoon
**Latinos (Mexicans) went to the lake because they were not allowed in the city-owned pools
**38th Street were kids that hung out together
***Neighborhood group had been around for decades
**Hank Leyvas
***The doors get yanked open, and get drugged out and beaten
**They tell their friends, and the friends are not happy about the event (because they beat Hank and Dora)
*Williams Ranch
**The friends beat up the people at the party at Willams Ranch
***Jose Diaz was having a party because he was about to go into the Military
**He ended up getting stabbed and died
***The news picked up on this event sensitized people to the LA world about the beating
***LA picked up on this news Govn. Olson
**See it as a called action (wake-up call)
*LAPD said they are going to do something about the events
**The barrios existed for generations and did not care about before the event happened
***They round up 600 kids for beings suspected gang members and bring them in
**They round them up based on how they looked, where they lived, and what they wore
***Zoot Suits (was the look)
**Charged anyone who was wearing the Zoot Suits, even if they were on the corner hanging out with their friends
*LAPD brought in all the kids from 38th Street, around 20 kids, and most went to jail. Hank went to San Quintin
**Trash the Zoot Suits and go to the Barrios and cut the Duck Tails (hairstyle during this time)
*** The 18-25 group went to war, but this happened to the barrios due to the jail time and that anyone who wore the zoot suit and ducktail was a target
**They sent a 14 y/o wearing the zoot suit and ducktail on the corner, and the Navy Guys would beat up the kid, so the older guys beat up the Navy guy
***Causing a good and bad view in the media, and no one wondered why the Navy Guys were in the Barrios
****Everything calms down, and within a year, everyone was released from the murder of Jose Diaz
**Sleepy Lagoon gets filled in and becomes more of a Suburbs
-Thrasher
~When kids are in groups, it is natural for groups to compete with one another (mainly baseball)
*When they settled arguments, they played Baseball before the violence broke out with the traditional ideas of gangs
*When the kids are hanging out, they don’t become gangs, but if there is an external threat pushing them, they get pushed together and create a tight, close group, which ends up creating the gangs that the community was worried about
How do these groups differ? (Gangs)
-Justice Policy Institute (JPI)
~National surveys of gangs and non-gang populations
Current status about
**25% Latino
**25% African Americans
**40% White
**10% are Female
**Gang risk years (10-17) are gang members
**5% of all kids have been gang members
**2% are active gang members
Gang Types
-Traditional Gang
~Neighborhood centered
*Centered around physical turf
**It is not a business; it is a street gang
-Business/Profit originated gang
~Purpose of making money
*Prostitution
*Durg sales
*Weapons
*Theft
-Hate Groups
~Gangs that exist for suppression, oppression, and harming other groups
-Copy Cat gang
~These are delinquents and copy other groups
Tend to be weaker and more temporary
**There is a lot of physical labor
**MS13 (Mara Salvatuca)
**They tag properties with spray paint
-Common Street Gangs
~Hystorical the most common
They weren’t necessarily tied to Group 1
**Different types of
**Oprotunistic criminals
**Lower in the development of the gang (about equal)
**Highly disorganized
-Third Generation gangs
~Have moved away from crime and moved to politics
Started as street gangs and took the gang in a different direction, buying properties and rent them out
**Grandchild gets a bright idea, tears them down, and creates an apartment complex
**They are a housing complex; they need a multifamily complex, so they donate to politics to get the area rezoned
-Hybrid Gangs
~Looks like a traditional street gang but considers doing only one type of crime for profit (self-developed activities)
*Stealing cars
*
Levels of Gangs
-Level 1
~Emergent gangs
*Faced an external threat that brought them together
*Since they are becoming formalized, have a single operation
*They have one thing that they do
**Stealing cars
**Tagging
*They don’t have written rules
**No rules
*Still trying to develop as a gang
*The gang either disappears or more formalized
-Level 2
~Crystalize into a substance
*Going from a fluid group to a solid group
*Start the structures
*Still a small group
*Allows them to bring in new members for the next group
*The structure has been defined when new members start to come in
*still developing roles and rules
-Level 3
~Become structure
*Become a formal structure
*Develop new chapters in other locations
*Not all gangs move through all of level three
**Some don’t create chapters but have all the other structures
-Level 4
~Orginized crime groups
*With economic and political power
*They patch over with other smaller groups
*The expansion of the group
*Creation of economic influence and funds
*Achieve political influence
**Do things to increase political and social influences so people do not despise the group for the other things they do
**Involve themselves in social reforms
Members of Gangs
-Hard Core Members
~Top of the gang who is extremely dedicated to
*Tend to have family ties
~Decision makes
~Defend the gang
~Deside the orientation and flow of the gang
~They call the shots of the gangs
*“Shot Caller”
-Regular Member
~They are the ones who carry out the orders from the Hard Core Members
~They are involved in the planned events
~They aren’t 100% in the gang; they can have an outside lifestyle
*The gang has them 95% of the time
~They are involved in unplanned events and as well as planned
-Associates
~Hang out with the gang
~They have no authority in the gangs
~They don’t have to participate in all events in the gang
~ They have about 50% an outside lifestyle
~They become the violent ones to move up to the ranks
*Not all members in this rank are violent
**Some are happy with being involved in some aspects of the gang, but not all aspects of the events that happen
-Situational Member
~Only belong to the gang to perform certain events
*They are only there for certain situations and events; they don’t want to be involved in all aspects of the gang
**If they get into trouble, they can claim a small portion of the gang
-The “Wannabe”
~The person wants to be in the gang
*The gang is going to be selective in who they let in
**Some gangs will give questionable names that don’t sound threatening to weed out members
Malcome Kline
-Founder of the organization UFC
~Research of crime and control (90S)
*Starts hanging out with the gangs
**In La
*Gets to know them where they hangout or in their clubhouse
*The gangs in LA don’t do much
*Regardless of where they are in the gang, they aren’t involved in criminal activity
** They have outside jobs, and they hang out with their friends during meetings
*The gangs count for a small percentage of gang
**Most crimes are from delinquents
*Most of the crime that occurs by gangs are self-initiated
**Self-initiated but not through the “Shot Caller”
-“For the most part, the gang members do little; all they do is eat, sleep, and party.” (look up the quote in the reading)
Gang relate Homicides
-The gang members kill each other
~The gang members aren’t really involved in other criminal aspects
What do gangs do when they are involved with other gangs
-The fights have a moralistic aspect
~One gang enters another gang’s territory (turf)
-Violation of an acceptable standard
-It is not for economic or political gain; it is purely a moral aspect
-Correctional officers who were closely involved with gangs were the ones who took offense when inmates did not respect the rules
Who makes the money in a gang?
-The gangs don’t tend to mix the money
~Once the gang sells the drugs, the person selling on the street keeps the money
-There are rules and bylaws on the gangs
~Highly known gangs don’t even have a share of the money from selling drugs
*Drug sales tend to have heavily armed people who are involved
General problems with delinquencies
-Not all the kids were gang members
~Law enforcement agancies don’t have to rewrite the questions that that they ask
-TX asked kids that are locked up questions
~About 25% consider themselves frequent drug users
~About 47% referred to drug or alcohol treatment
~About 36% admitted to drug sales
~About 25% had serious levels of assaults
~About 20% admitted to robbery
-They found that kids who were locked up had a higher rate of all the
~The usage of drugs by the kids had a higher rate of recidivism
~Substand abuse was linked to antisocial behaviors
~Higher substance abuse had higher levels of crime
~The younger the kid was using had more serious criminal activities
*The longer that they persisted, the higher the crime activity we up
~The kids who used drugs had lower grades and
~Physical health was lower the young they started using *The way their physical health was affected were more likely to have accidents
~Had higher developmental mental health issues
-What happened to you when you started using the drug and they joined different peer groups
-Social and economic issues
~Never made money
~Didn’t finish school
*Tended to drop out
