Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the goal of any research? How is this typically achieved?
to better understand some real-world penomenon.
Thisi s typically achieved by virute of systematic observation of some kind.
What do quantitative approaches involve? Examples?
collecting data in the form of numbers (i.e. numerical data).
self-report surveys, reaction-time tasks, and psychophysiological measures.
What is the definition of the quantitative approach?
An approach to research that emphasizes scientific empiricism in design, data collection, and statistical analyses.
What is another word for a qualitative approach?
an interpretive approach
What is the qualitiative approach?
An approach to research that emphasizes people’s lived experiences in their own words, and the researcher’s interpretation of those experiences. It offers a deep description of people’s behaviour in natural settings, through people explaining their experiences in their own words.
What does the qualitative approach often involve?
collecting in-depth information on relatively few individuals or within a limited setting, and conclusions are based on careful interpretations drawn by the investigator.
Is a focus group, interviews, and text documents a qualitative or quantitative approach?
qualitative
instead of statistical analyses through numbers, what might a qualitiative report use to report their findings?
they may describe different themes that emeerged from the discussion.
Are there cases in which qualitative data are collected and then converted into numbers for a qauntitative statistical analysis? Examples? Is this a qualitative approach?
yes. Example would be if you take a transcribed interview and record the frequencyt of using the pronoun “I”.
This is a type of qualitative approach since non-numerical data are being collected, although the main thing to recognize is that we’re beginning with qualitative data and transforming it into numbers for a quantitative analysis.
What is one of the key things to distinguish from quantitative and qualitative approaches?
What counts as data
What is naturalistic observation?
Systematic observations made in a natural setting in the real world; sometimes called field observation and useful for generating rich descriptions of phenomena.
What is the real world sometimes called in naturalistic observations?
the field.
How are observations typically made in naturalistic observation?
over an extended period of time using a variety of information-collection techniques.
does naturalistic observation use qualitiative or quantitative data?
could be either or both.
What might field noted include?
information about all aspects of a situation including a setting, patterns of personal relationshis, people’s reactions to events and so on.
does qualitative data collection in naturalistic observation rely on passive observation?
not necessarily.
It can also involve interviewing key informants to gain inside information and examining documents produced in the setting (newsletters, emails, manuals etc).
What does naturalistic observation have roots in?
anthropology and the study of animal behaviour and is used in the social sciences to study many phenomena
What is the first goal of research using naturalistic observation? the second?
- describing the setting, events, and persons observed.
- interpret what is going on.
what might be involved in interpretation in naturalistic observation?
identifying common themes, developing a theory tat can generate hypotheses for future work.
What might a final report from naturalistic observation relfect?
a chronological order of events (as in the narrative approach) or it can be organized around the theory developed by the researcher (as in grounded theory)
What are often used to support researcher’s interpretations from naturalistic observation?
specific exmapleso f observations
what will a good naturalistic observation report do?
support the validity of the interpretation by using multiple sources of confirming evidence.
