CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
Atriums
Upper chambers, superior chambers of the heart
Ventricles
Lower chambers, inferior chambers of the heart
SA node
Pacemaker of the heart
Three types of muscle
Skeletal (650+ muscles) smooth (lining of arteries, veins and GI Tract) and Cardiac (heart)
Bradycardia
Less than 60 BPM; tachycardia greater than 100 BPM
Average RHR
70-80 (males 70, females 75)
Blood is compromised of
55% plasma, 45% red/ white blood cells and platelets
Adult heart holds between
4–6 L
Arteries
Blood vessels that go away from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels that go toward the heart
Venules
Small veins that drain from capillaries into larger veins
Arterioles
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries
Valsalva maneuver
Increase in intra-abdominal pressure / pregnant/high blood pressure should breathe through the concentric and eccentric portions of the lift to avoid this
Normal breathing rates
12–16 breaths per minute
Tachypnea
Greater than 24 breaths per minute
Bradypnea
Less than eight breaths per minute
What is dysfunctional breathing (slow breaths) from
Due to overactive sternocleidomastoid and scalenes, which can cause headaches, lightheaded, and dizziness
Catabolic hormones
Cortisol (Adrenal cortex/ glands) glucagon (pancreas)
Anabolic hormones
HGH (pituitary gland) testosterone (testes males via leydig cells; adrenal glands females) insulin (pancreas) IGF (liver)
Adrenal glands produce
Catecholamines (adrenaline and norepinephrine)
Insulin vs glucagon
Antagonistic of one another
Thyroid hormones monitor
BMR and the release of calcitonin
Glucogenesis is the creation of
Glucose via non-carbohydrate, substrates such as protein: gluco = glucose neo= new, Genesis= generation
GI-tract, anatomy and digestion (smooth muscle)
Mastication, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) large intestine (ascending, transverse, descending)
