chapter 6 Flashcards
Since the 1980s, Costa Rica has regained much of
its forest cover through a program called
Pago por
Servicios Ambientales (PSA)—Payment for
Environmental Services.
What is ethics
is a set of moral principles or values used to
determine right and wrong.
what is economics
is the study of how people use potentially
scarce resources to provide goods and services.
What is culture
is the knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned
ways of life shared by a group of people.
what is worldview
A person’s perception of the world and his or her place
within it
what is relativists
believe that ethics vary depending on the
context of the problem
what is a universalist
define objective notions of right and wrong
that hold across many cultures and contexts.
what are ethical standards
are the criteria that help to differentiate
right from wrong.
principle of utility
holds that something is right
when it produces the greatest practical benefits for the
most people.
what is instrumental value?
If something is valued for the pragmatic beliefs that it
brings us
what is intrinsic value
If something is believed to have a right to exist and is
valuable for its own sake
what is environmental ethics
The application of ethical standards to the relationship
between people and nonhuman entities
what is anthropocentrism
is a
human-centered view;
nonhuman things are
given little or no intrinsic
value
what is biocentrism
ascribes
intrinsic value to both
human and nonhuman
life
what is ecocentrism
judges
actions based on their
effects on ecological
systems, including
nonliving elements
what is transcendentalism
A philosophical movement rejecting materialism and beginning the ideals
of preserving nature as a priority to industrial
modernization.
preservation act
John Muir was a believer in
transcendentalism and
became politically active by
promoting the preservation
ethic, holding that we should
protect nature in its pristine,
unaltered state
Gifford Pinchot
the
founder of the U.S. Forest
Service, had a somewhat
more anthropogenic view
than Muir
conservation ethic
held that people should use
natural resources, but in a
wise, careful manner
developmental ethic
which held that people should be
masters of nature and promote economic development
as a priority.
Aldo Leopold
was a forest
manager who helped implement a
government policy of shooting
predators to increase populations
of game animals
environmental justice
involves applying a standard
environmental policy and practice to all people, regardless
of their income, race, or ethnicity
Economy
s a social system that converts resources
into goods and services
Goods
are material commodities.
Services
include work done for others
ecological services
include air and water purification, soil formation, climate
regulation, pollination, and waste recycling.
classical economies
where, under
the right conditions, the marketplace will behave as if
guided by an “invisible hand” to benefit society.
neoclassical economies
describes a conflict between
buyers (who want a low price)
and sellers (who want a high
price)
