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building structures > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

General aim of using mechanical plants

A
  • Produce a structure of reasonable cost
  • Ensure sound workmanship
  • Overcome shortage of manpower
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2
Q

Plants are classified into 4 categories

A
  • Small powered plants
  • Excavation and earth moving plants
  • Transporting plants
  • Concrete mixer plants and pumps
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3
Q

Small powered plants are divided into two classes

A
  • Hand held tools
  • Power tools (E.g. Electric drill, cartridge hammer, vibrators)
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4
Q

Types of fixed position excavating plants

A
  • Face shovel
  • Backactor
  • Grab
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5
Q

Types of moving excavating plants

A
  • Dredger
  • Scraper
  • Grader
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6
Q

Factors that affect the choice of Earth moving plants

A
  • Location of site
  • Ground condition of site
  • Time allowed to complete the work
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7
Q

Types of transporting plants

A
  • Lorries/trucks
  • Hoist
  • Crane
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8
Q

Factors that affect the choice of transporting plants

A
  • Site condition
  • Time available
  • Type of material to be removed
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9
Q

Types of contracts

A
  • Fixed-price contract (Measured contract, Lump-sum contract)
  • Cost reimbursement contract (Cost-plus contract, All-in contract)
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10
Q

Common terms of contract documents

A
  • Defect Liability Period
  • Retention Fund
  • Progression Payment
  • Liquidated Damages for Delay
  • Provisional Sum
  • Certificate of Completion
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11
Q

Contract can select a contractor by three means

A
  • Open tendering
  • Invited tendering
  • Negotiation of a contract with a selected contractor
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12
Q

Documents required to form a contract

A
  • Conditions of contract
  • Drawings
  • Specifications
  • Schedule of Rates
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13
Q

Measured contract

A

Most common form of contract, includes BQ

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14
Q

Lump-sum contract

A

Used for small projects such as addition and alteration work, does not include BQ

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15
Q

Cost-plus contract

A

Used for exploratory or urgent work whereby no detailed design, BQ or specification is unavailable

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16
Q

All-in contract

A

Covers both the design and construction works

17
Q

Types of cranes

A
  • Movable cranes
  • Static cranes
  • Tower cranes
18
Q

Movable cranes

A

Able to move from one position to another position

19
Q

Static cranes

A

Fixed, used primarily for lifting heavy loads such as steel work

20
Q

Tower cranes

A
  • Used for construction of high-rise building
  • Comes with horizontal jib and a lifting hook
21
Q

Hoist

A
  • Static
  • Mobile
22
Q

Concrete pumps

A

Used as a transporting plant for wet concrete

23
Q

Advantages of concrete pumps

A
  • Site plant and space are reduced
  • No shock landing on formwork
  • Faster pour can be achieved with less labour
24
Q

Types of concrete mixer plants

A
  • Concrete drum mixer
  • Central mixing and batching plant
25
Q

Types of concrete drum mixer

A
  • Tilting drum (used only for small batches)
  • Reversible drum
26
Q

Types of concrete plants

A
  • Ready mix plant
  • Central mixing plant
27
Q

Ready mix plant and central mixing plant difference

A

Ready mix plant combines all ingredients except water at the concrete plant, central mixing plant combines some or all ingredients including water at a central location

28
Q

Conveyors

A
  • Used mainly for transporting aggregates and cement
  • Transports materials up to 0.7m
29
Q

Main parts of bulldozer

A
  • Tractor
  • Engine
  • Tracks
  • Blade
  • Ripper
30
Q

Function of bulldozer

A

Used for stripping and excavating up to a depth of 400mm below the level of the machine

31
Q

Function of load shovel

A

Used for scooping loose material in the bucket

32
Q

Function of face shovel

A

Used for excavating into the face of an embankment

33
Q

Function of backactor

A

Used for excavating trench, basement and pit

34
Q

Function of grab

A

Used to excavate loose soil

35
Q

Function of dredger

A

Used for deepening rivers and estuaries

36
Q

Function of scraper

A

Used to excavate and transport soil

37
Q

Function of grader

A

Used for finishing to fine limits in large area of ground

building structures (10 decks)

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