Chapter 6 Flashcards
Syllogism:
A deductive argument that has exactly two premises and a conclusion.
Categorical syllogism:
A syllogism constructed entirely of categorical propositions. It contains three different terms, each of which is used two times.
Minor term:
The subject of the conclusion of a categorical syllogism.
Major term:
The predicate of the conclusion of a categorical syllogism.
Middle term:
The term that occurs only in the premises of a categorical syllogism.
Major premise:
The first premise of a categorical syllogism contains the major term.
Minor premise:
The second premise of a categorical syllogism contains the minor term.
Standard-form Categorical Syllogism:
In order to be a standard-form categorical syllogism, three requirements must be met: (1) All three statements must be standard-form categorical propositions. (2) The two occurrences of each term must be identical and have the same sense. (3) The major premise must occur first, the minor premise second, and the conclusion last.
Categorical Syllogisms
A deductive argument constructed entirely of categorical propositions with exactly two premises and a conclusion.
Mood:
The mood of a categorical syllogism consists of the type of categorical propositions involved (A, E, I, or O) and the order in which they occur.
Figure:
The middle term can be arranged in the two premises in four different ways. These placements determine the figure of the categorical syllogism.
Undistributed middle:
A formal fallacy that occurs when the middle term in a categorical syllogism is undistributed in both premises of a categorical syllogism.
Illicit major:
A formal fallacy that occurs when the major term in a categorical syllogism is distributed in the conclusion but not in the major premise.
Illicit minor:
A formal fallacy that occurs when the minor term in a categorical syllogism is distributed in the conclusion but not in the minor premise.
Exclusive premises:
A formal fallacy that occurs when both premises in a categorical syllogism are negative.
