Chapter 6

Question 1

Melodrama

Answer 1

A sensational narrative mode with clearly identifiable moral types, coincidences, and reversals of fortune, and music that underscores the action.

Question 2

Stereophonic Sound

Answer 2

The recording, mixing, and playback of sound on multiple channels to create audio perspective

Question 3

Synchronous Sound

Answer 3

Sound that is recorded during a scene or is synchronized with the filmed images and has a visible onscreen source; also referred to as onscreen sound

Question 4

Asynchronous Sound

Answer 4

Sound that does not have a visible onscreen source; also referred to as offscreen sound.

Question 5

Parallel Sound

Answer 5

Sound that reinforces the image, such as synchronous dialogue or sound effects or a voiceover that is consistent with what is displayed onscreen.

Question 6

Contrapuntal Sound

Answer 6

Sound that is unexpected considering the image that is displayed onscreen.

Question 7

Diegetic Sound

Answer 7

Sound that has its source in the narrative world of the film, whose characters are presumed to be able to hear it.

Question 8

Nondiegetic Sound

Answer 8

Sound (such as a musical score) that does not have an identifiable source in the characters’ world.

Question 9

Diegesis

Answer 9

The world of the films story (its characters, places, and events), including what is shown and what is implied to have taken place.

Question 10

Source Music

Answer 10

Diegetic music; music whose source is visible onscreen

Question 11

Semidiegetic Sound

Answer 11

Sound that is neither strictly diegetic or nondiegetic, such as certain voiceovers that can be construed as the thoughts of a character and thus as arising from the story world

Question 12

Soundtrack

Answer 12

Audio recorded to synchronize with a moving image, including dialogue, music, and sound effects; the physical portion of the film used for recorded sound

Question 13

Sound Designer

Answer 13

The individual responsible for planning and directing the overall sound of a film through to the final mix

Question 14

Sound Recording

Answer 14

The recording of a dialogue and other sound that may take place simultaneously with the filming of a scene.

Question 15

Clapperboard

Answer 15

A slate that is marked to identify each scene and the take and is snapped to synchronize sound recordings and camera images

Question 16

Boom

Answer 16

A long pole used to hold a microphone above the actors to capture sound while remaining outside the frame

Question 17

Direct Sound

Answer 17

Sound captured directly from its source

Question 18

Reflected Sound

Answer 18

Recorded sound that is captured as it bounces from the walls and sets. It is usually used to give a sense of space.

Question 19

Production Sound Mixer

Answer 19

The sound engineer on the production set

Question 20

Postproduction Sound

Answer 20

Sound recorded and added to a film in the postproduction phase

Question 21

Foley Artist

Answer 21

A member of the sound crew who generates live synchronized sound effects while watching the projected film

Question 22

Room Tone

Answer 22

The aural properties of a location that are recorded and then mixed in with dialogue and other tracks to achieve a more realistic sound

Question 23

Walla

Answer 23

A nonsense word spoken by extras in a film to approximate the sound of a crowd during sound dubbing

Question 24

Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR)

Answer 24

A process during which actors watch the film footage and re-record their lines to be dubbed into the soundtrack

Question 25

Sound Editing

Answer 25

Combining music, dialogue, and effects tracks to interact with the image track

Question 26

Sound Bridge

Answer 26

Sound that is carried over a picture transition or that belongs to the coming scene but is played before the image changes

Question 27

Spotting

Answer 27

The process of determining where music and effects will be added to the film

Question 28

Sound Mixing

Answer 28

The process by which all the elements of the soundtrack, including music, effects, and dialogue, are combined and adjusted to their final levels

Question 29

Mix

Answer 29

The combination by the sound mixer of separate soundtracks into a single master track that will be transferred onto the film print together with the image track to which it is synchronized

Question 30

Sound Reproduction

Answer 30

Sound playback during a film’s exhibition

Question 31

Sound Perspective

Answer 31

The apparent location and distance of a sound source

Question 32

Overlapping Dialogue

Answer 32

Mixing characters’ speech to imitate the rhythm of speech; also may refer to dialogue that overlaps two scenes to effect a transition between them

Question 33

Voice-Off

Answer 33

A voice that originates from a speaker who can be inferred to be present in the scene but is not visible onscreen

Question 34

Narrator

Answer 34

A character or other person whose voice and perspective describe the action of a film, either in voiceover or through a particular point of view

Question 35

Voiceover

Answer 35

A voice whose source is neither visible in the frame nor implied to be offscreen and typically narrates the film’s images, such as in flashbacks or the commentary in a documentary film

Question 36

Women’s Picture

Answer 36

A category of films produced in the 1930s-1950s, featuring female stars in romances or melodramas and marketed primarily to women

Question 37

Score

Answer 37

Music composed to accompany a completed film

Question 38

Underscoring

Answer 38

A film’s background music; contrasts with source music

Question 39

Cue

Answer 39

A visual or aural signal that indicates the beginning of an action, a line of dialogue, or a piece of music

Question 40

Narrative Cueing

Answer 40

The ways that sound tells viewers what is happening in the plot

Question 41

Stinger

Answer 41

Sound that forces the audience to notice the significance of something onscreen, such as the ominous chord struck when the villain’s presence is made known

Question 42

Mickey-Mousing

Answer 42

Overillustrating the action through the musical score, drawn from the conventions of composing for cartoons

Question 43

Prerecorded Music

Answer 43

Previously recorded music that is added to a film’s soundtrack

Question 44

Music Supervisor

Answer 44

The individual who selects and secures the rights for songs to be used in films

Question 45

Sound Continuity

Answer 45

The process of furthering the aims of the narrative through scoring, sound recording, mixing, and playback processes that strive for the unification of meaning and experience

Question 46

Sound Montage

Answer 46

The collision or overlapping of disjunctive sounds in a film