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247 Periodontics > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How is periodontal health defined?

A

“A state free from inflammatory periodontal disease that allows an individual to function normally and avoid consequences (mental or physical) due to current or past disease”

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2
Q

How is periodontal health characterized?

A

Absence of bleeding upon probing, erythema, edema, attachment loss, bone loss
Can occur in intact or reduced periodontium

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3
Q

Reasons for reduced periodontium in a non-periodontitis patient

A

Recession from toothbrushing
Crown lengthening surgery
(no change to AB)

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4
Q

When do we see perio health iw/ reduced periodontium?

A

Successfully treated periodontitis patient (stable)

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5
Q

What bacteria may be seen in elevated levels in adolescents?

A
  • Actinomyces
  • Capnocytophaga
  • Leptotrichia
  • Selenomonas
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6
Q

What is the difference in plaque-induced gingivitis in adolescents vs. adults?

A
  • Children have fewer pathologic bacteria and a less-developed immune response
  • Inflammation in adults is more pronounced w/ similar amts of plaque biofilm
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7
Q

What are the 3 categories of plaque-induced gingivitis?

A
  • Gingivitis on intact periodontium
  • Gingivitis on reduced periodontium in non-periodontitis pt
  • Gingivitis on reduced periodontium in successfully treated, STABLE perio pt (lack of ongoing AL)
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8
Q

Modifying factors for plaque-induced gingival disease

A
  • Systemic conditions
  • Oral factors that enhance plaque biofilm accumulation
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9
Q

Systemic conditions affecting plaque-induced gingival disease

A

Sex hormones
Diabetes
Leukemia
Smoking
Malnutrition

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10
Q

Oral factors that enhance plaque biofilm accumulation

A

Prominent subgingival margin restorations
Hyposalivation

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11
Q

How does pregnancy affect inflammation?

A

Exaggerated response to plaque-biofilm deposits
Enhanced inflammation
Increased bleeding on probing
May resolve post partum

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12
Q

What is pregnancy associated pyogenic granuloma?

A

Exaggerated tissue response after 1st trimester
Mushroom-like mass usually on interproximal anterior
Painless and benign but can get big enough to obstruct occlusion
Bleeds easily
May resolve after pregnancy

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13
Q

How can leukemia affect the gingiva?

A

Exaggerated inflammatory response
Tissue is swollen, spongy and friable, bleeds easily
Starts in papilla and spreads to margins
May be first signs of disease

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14
Q

Effects of smoking on the gingiva

A

Fewer clinical signs and symptoms
Constricts blood vessels so less bleeding
Gingival fibrosis
Inflammation is masked

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15
Q

Effects of malnutrition on the gingiva

A

Lack of vitamin C can reduce wound healing.
Hard to differentiate from plaque-induced gingivitis

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16
Q

Restorative margins effect on gingiva

A

Inflammation caused by biofilm retention under restorative margins
Compromised plaque control
Ex. amalgam overghangs, veneer margins

17
Q

Hyposalivation/xerostomia effects on gingiva

A

Enhances inflammation
Can cause progressive caries, halitosis, inflammation of tongue, oral mucosa and gingiva
Can make homecare difficult

18
Q

Drug-induced gingival enlargement

A

Usually occurs about 3 months after starting meds
Plaque-biofilm is also necessary for induction
Not everyone will experience
Severity affected by effectiveness of homecare
Prevalence higher in younger patients

19
Q

Agents that cause drug-induced gingival inflammation

A

Anti-convulsants
Immunosuppressants
Calcium-channel blockers

20
Q

Characteristics of drug-induced gingival inflamation

A

Anterior sextants most affected
Irregular patterns
Increased gingival crevicular flow
BOP without attachment loss

21
Q

Bacteria involved in necrotizing PD

A

Treponema
Selenomonas
Fusobacterium
Prevotella intermedia

22
Q

What is necrotizing PD?

A

Severe, acute infection encompassing gingivitis, periodontitis, stomatitis

23
Q

What are risk factors for necrotizing PD?

A

Smoking
Poor nutrition
Poor home care
Compromised immune status

24
Q

Clinical manifestation of necrotizing PD

A

Unique, characterized by ulcerated and necrotic papillae and gingival margins w/ cratered or punched out appearance
Painful and foul smelling

25
Q

What causes thrush/Candidiasis (C. albicans)?

A

Use of wide-spectrum antibiotics, allowing overgrowth
Seen in immunocompromised pts, infants, elderly and dentured pts

26
Q

What may cause hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Allergic rxns to ingredients in toothpaste, mouthwash, chewing gum
Most common when pts. have other allergies

27
Q

Clinical manifestation of hypersensitivity rxns

A

Diffuse, fiery red gingiva
Possible ulceration
Possible bleeding

28
Q

Treatment for hypersensitivity rxns

A

Discontinue use of product
Confirm with biopsy

29
Q

What can cause chemical burn and why?

A

Listerine, chlorhexedine, aspirin

Used for longer than directed
Aspirin placed directly on tissue (acid burn)

30
Q

What may cause drug-induced pigmentation?

A

Tetracycline

247 Periodontics (19 decks)

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