Chapter 6

Question 1

coping

Answer 1

constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that are taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Question 2

three categories of coping skills

Answer 2

1. appraisal-focused coping
2. Problem-focused coping
3. reaction-focused coping / emotion focused coping

Question 3

appraisal-focused coping

Answer 3

how do I understand or make sense of the situation?

Question 4

problem-focused coping

Answer 4

what will I do about the situation?

Question 5

reaction-focused coping / emotion-focused coping

Answer 5

what will I do about my reactions to the situation?

Question 6

coping with dying is multifaceted and involves more than one …

Answer 6

person
set of perceptions
set of motivations

Question 7

active, empathetic listening is necessary to ….

Answer 7

identify each person involved

listen carefully to what his/her coping reveals

understand what coping means for each person in the situation

Question 8

Dying Trajectories

Answer 8

pattern of dying

• duration
• shape

Question 9

awareness contexts

Answer 9

the backdrop for social interactions among those who are coping with dying

Question 10

four forms of awareness contexts

Answer 10

1. closed awareness
2. suspected awareness
3. mutual pretense
4. open awareness

Question 11

three main points about the forms of awareness contexts

Answer 11

these are different contexts, not steps in a linear progression

each has potential costs and benefits

each affects how individuals cope with dying, as well as the social interactions among all ppl involved

Question 12

stages of coping with dying in the Kübler-Ross - Stage Model

Answer 12

1. denial (“Not me!”)
2. anger (“Why me?”)
3. bargaining (“Yes me, but…”)
4. depression
5. reactive (responding to past and present losses)
6. preparatory (anticipating and responding to losses yet to come)
7. acceptance (describes as “almost void of feelings”)

Question 13

critique of Kübler-Ross - Stage Model

Answer 13

• existence of these stages has not been demonstrated
• no evidence that people move from stage one to stage five
• limitation of method have not been acknowledged
• the totality of persons life is neglected
• environment not taken into account
• suggest human response to stress of dying independent of any social or cultural influence

Question 14

three lessons to learn from the legacy of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Answer 14

1. individuals who are coping with dying are still alive and often have unfinished business that they want and need to address
2. we cannot be effective providers of care unless we listen actively to those we seek to serve and identify with them, thier own tasks and needs.
3. we need to learn from those who are coping with dying in order to know ourselves better

Question 15

Coping with dying Corr’s Task-Based Model

Answer 15

Physical
- satisfy bodily needs; minimize physical distress consistent with other values

Psychological
- maximize psychological security, autonomy, and richness in living

Social
- sustain and enhance interpersonal attachments; maintain selected interactions with social groups and society

Spiritual
- address issue of meaningfulness, connectedness, and transcendence; foster hope

Question 16

Corr’s Task - Based Model

Answer 16

the four areas describe potential work for all who are coping with dying (not just the dying)

tasks may or may not be necessary or desirable and it is not a requirement

individual tasks can be completed, but it is not possible to finish all of the task work that confronts the individual before death

Question 17

Doka’s Account of 5 phases in living with life threatening illness

Answer 17

1. prediagnostic Phase
2. Acute phase
3. Chronic Phase
4. Recovery Phase
5. Terminal Phase

Question 18

associated tasks with Prediognostic phase

Answer 18

• recognizing danger and risks of illness
• managing anxiety
• developing and following thru on health-seeking strategies

Question 19

associated tasks with Acute phase

Answer 19

• Understanding disease
• maximizing health
• fostering coping strengths and limiting weakness
• arranging for cure-oriented interventions
• assimilating illness into one’s self-concept

Question 20

associated tasks with chronic phase

Answer 20

• managing symptoms and side effects
• evaluating stress and coping efforts
• maximizing social support and minimizing isolation
• redefining relationships with others

Question 21

associated tasks with the recovery phase

Answer 21

Dealing with the aftereffects of illness and anxieties about reoccurrence

reconstructing one’s life redefining relationships with caregivers

Question 22

associated tasks with the terminal phase

Answer 22

Dealing with ongoing challenges from disease, side effects, treatments

making treatment decisions regarding curative versus comfort care

saying goodbye

preserving self-concept and social relationships

finding meaning in life and death

Question 23

How should theories about coping with dying help us?

Answer 23

• should never be barriers between us and those we are trying to understand or help
• should guide us in good directions
• help us listen carefully and learn important things about the individuals whoa re coping with dying and their situations