Chapter 6 Flashcards
3 Factors That Influence Perception
- distinctiveness
- consensus
- consistency
Attribution Theory
explains the ways we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a behavior
we observe an individual’s behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused
Distinctiveness
refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations (unusual - external)
Consensus
if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way
(external)
Consistency
does the person respond the same way over time
internal
Fundamental Attribution Error
when we make judgements about the behavior of other people, we tend to under-estimate the influence of external factors & over-estimate the influence of internal or personal factors
Self-Serving Bias
when people tend to attribute ambiguous information as relatively flattering, accept positive-feedback, & reject negative feedback
Selective Perception
any characteristic that makes a person, an object, or an event stand out will increase the probability we will perceive it
Halo Effect
when we draw an impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance
Contrast Effect
“never follow an act that has kids or animals in it.”
audiences love children & animals so much that you’ll look bad in comparison
can distort perceptions
we do things in contrast of something else - in comparison
Satisfice
sufficient
satisfactory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
lower order of needs - basic needs to stay alive
higher order needs - more complicated
safety, food
Stereotyping
when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs
Heuristics
stereotypes or shortcuts used to make decisions quickly
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Pygmalion effect describe how an individual’s behavior is determined by others’ expectations
