Chapter 6 Flashcards
Non-essential amino acid
can be made by the body via transamination
Essential amino acid
cannot be produced by the body at all or in sufficient quantities to meet needs
Conditionally essential amino acid
tyrosine is this type of amino acid for people with PKU
Transamination
The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another in order to manufacture a new amino acid
Complete proteins are found in
animal products, soybeans, quinoa, amaranth
Protein functions (8)
- Cell growth, repair and maintenance
- Enzymes and hormones
- Transport and storage of nutrients
- Fluid/electrolyte balance
- Acid-base balance
- Immunity
- Nerve function, blood clotting, and wound healing
- Energy/glucose
Before protein can be used for glucose or energy, it must be ________. Therefore, high levels of protein must be accompanied by an increased intake of water/fluid.
deaminated
The RDA for protein for adults is
0.8 grams per kilogram of healthy body weight per day
Excessive amounts of protein may be related to…
kidney disease and higher blood cholesterol
Vitamin B12 is found in
Fortified cereals and yeast products
Iron is found in
Dried fruits and whole grains
Calcium is found in
Almonds and leafy vegetables
Vitamin D is found in
Fortified margarines and cereals
Kwashiorkor characteristics
- Diet provides adequate energy, but inadequate protein
* Characterized by edema and dry, brittle hair
Marasmus characteristics
- Characterized by wasting and depressed metabolism
* Results from inadequate protein, kilocalories and nutrients
In the United States, the following population groups are at risk for protein-energy malnutrition:
- Elderly
- Cancer patients
- Those who consume excess alcohol and/or abuse drugs.
Protein definition
Large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells
Amino acid definition
Nitrogen-containing molecules that combine to form proteins
Denaturation definition
The process by which proteins uncoil and lose their shape and function when they are exposed to heat, acids, vases, heavy metals, alcohol, and other damaging substances
Deamination definition
The process by which an amine group is removed from an amino acid
Mutual supplementation definition
The process of combining two or more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein
Limiting amino acid definition
Foods that do not contain all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to support growth and health
Marasmus definition
a form of protein-energy malnutrition that results from grossly inadequate intake of protein, energy, and other nutrients
Kwashiorkor definition
A form of protein energy malnutrition that is typically seen in developing countries in infants and toddlers who are weaned early. Denied breast milk, they are fed a cereal diet the provides adequate energy but inadequate protein
Protein should make up ______% of total calories
10-35%
Incomplete proteins are found in
legumes, veggies, grains, and nuts and seeds
