Chapter 6

Question 1

Non-essential amino acid

Answer 1

can be made by the body via transamination

Question 2

Essential amino acid

Answer 2

cannot be produced by the body at all or in sufficient quantities to meet needs

Question 3

Conditionally essential amino acid

Answer 3

tyrosine is this type of amino acid for people with PKU

Question 4

Transamination

Answer 4

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another in order to manufacture a new amino acid

Question 5

Complete proteins are found in

Answer 5

animal products, soybeans, quinoa, amaranth

Question 6

Protein functions (8)

Answer 6

1. Cell growth, repair and maintenance
2. Enzymes and hormones
3. Transport and storage of nutrients
4. Fluid/electrolyte balance
5. Acid-base balance
6. Immunity
7. Nerve function, blood clotting, and wound healing
8. Energy/glucose

Question 7

Before protein can be used for glucose or energy, it must be ________. Therefore, high levels of protein must be accompanied by an increased intake of water/fluid.

Answer 7

deaminated

Question 8

The RDA for protein for adults is

Answer 8

0.8 grams per kilogram of healthy body weight per day

Question 9

Excessive amounts of protein may be related to…

Answer 9

kidney disease and higher blood cholesterol

Question 10

Vitamin B12 is found in

Answer 10

Fortified cereals and yeast products

Question 11

Iron is found in

Answer 11

Dried fruits and whole grains

Question 12

Calcium is found in

Answer 12

Almonds and leafy vegetables

Question 13

Vitamin D is found in

Answer 13

Fortified margarines and cereals

Question 14

Kwashiorkor characteristics

Answer 14

• Diet provides adequate energy, but inadequate protein

* Characterized by edema and dry, brittle hair

Question 15

Marasmus characteristics

Answer 15

• Characterized by wasting and depressed metabolism

* Results from inadequate protein, kilocalories and nutrients

Question 16

In the United States, the following population groups are at risk for protein-energy malnutrition:

Answer 16

• Elderly
• Cancer patients
• Those who consume excess alcohol and/or abuse drugs.

Question 17

Protein definition

Answer 17

Large complex molecules made up of amino acids and found as essential components of all living cells

Question 18

Amino acid definition

Answer 18

Nitrogen-containing molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 19

Denaturation definition

Answer 19

The process by which proteins uncoil and lose their shape and function when they are exposed to heat, acids, vases, heavy metals, alcohol, and other damaging substances

Question 20

Deamination definition

Answer 20

The process by which an amine group is removed from an amino acid

Question 21

Mutual supplementation definition

Answer 21

The process of combining two or more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein

Question 22

Limiting amino acid definition

Answer 22

Foods that do not contain all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to support growth and health

Question 23

Marasmus definition

Answer 23

a form of protein-energy malnutrition that results from grossly inadequate intake of protein, energy, and other nutrients

Question 24

Kwashiorkor definition

Answer 24

A form of protein energy malnutrition that is typically seen in developing countries in infants and toddlers who are weaned early. Denied breast milk, they are fed a cereal diet the provides adequate energy but inadequate protein

Question 25

Protein should make up ______% of total calories

Answer 25

10-35%

Question 26

Incomplete proteins are found in

Answer 26

legumes, veggies, grains, and nuts and seeds