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Human Nutrition (Chapters 4-6) > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Saturated fatty acids characteristics

A

contain no double bonds and are generally solid at room temperature

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2
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acids characteristics

A

have one double bond and are generally liquid at room temperature

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3
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acids characteristics

A

have two or more double bonds and are generally liquid at room temperature

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4
Q

Cholesterol characteristics

A
  • Key component of cell membranes

* Found in butter but not margarine

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5
Q

Saturated fatty acids are found in

A

coconut oil, palm kernel oil, butter, cheese, whole milk, cream, lard, and beef fat

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6
Q

Monosaturated fatty acids are found in

A

olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, cashew nuts, almonds, and avocado

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7
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in

A

soy oil, canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and walnuts

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8
Q

Hydrogenation

A

the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids making them more saturated

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9
Q

Eicosanoids characteristics

A
  • They are derived from the essential fatty acids, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.
  • They help regulate a variety of body processes including gastric motility, blood clotting, and inflammation.
  • There must be a balance between the various eicosanoids
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10
Q

Lipid functions

A
  • Carrier of fat/soluble vitamins
  • Insulator/shock absorber
  • Energy
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11
Q

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) characteristics

A
  • Can be increased through exercise

* Removes cholesterol from the cells and returns it to the liver for elimination or recycling

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12
Q

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) characteristics

A
  • Associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

* Delivers cholesterol to the cells.

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13
Q

Increases the risk of heart disease

A

Saturated fat

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14
Q

Decreases the risk of heart disease

A
  • Monounsaturated fat
  • Polyunsaturated fat
  • Omega-3 fats
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15
Q

Micelles

A

transport digested lipids to the intestinal mucosal cell

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16
Q

Lipids definition

A

A diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water; lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

17
Q

Glycerol definition

A

An alcohol composed of three carbon atoms; it is the backbone of a triglyceride molecule

18
Q

Fatty acids definition

A

An acid composed of a long chain of carbon atoms bound to each other as well as to hydrogen atoms, with a carboxyl group at the alpha end of the chain

19
Q

Docosahexaenoic Acid definition

A

A metabolic derivative of alpha-linolenic acid; also available from marine foods

20
Q

Linoleic acid definition

A

An essential fatty acid found in vegetable and nut oils; an omega-6 fatty acid

21
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid definition

A

An essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables, flaxseed oil, soy oil, fish oil, and fish products; an omega-3 fatty acid

22
Q

Lipoprotein definition

A

A spherical compound in which fat clusters in the center of phospholipids and proteins form the outside of the sphere

23
Q

Lipids types

A
  1. Triglycerides (fats and oils)
  2. Phospholipids (lecithin)
  3. Sterols (cholesterol)
24
Q

Functions of triglycerides

A
  • Energy
  • Provides satiety
  • Insulation/protection
  • Carrier
25
Q

Total fat should make up ______% of total calories

A

20-35%

26
Q

Phospholipids definition

A

A type of lipid that is soluble in both fat and water

27
Q

Phospholipids function

A

a. cell membrane synthesis
b. lipoproteins
c. Component of bile

28
Q

Sterols function

A

a. bile
b. vitamin d
c. sex hormones
d. cell membrane synthesis

29
Q

Lipoprotein function

A

Transport vehicles for lipids

30
Q

Types of cardiovascular disease

A
  1. Hypertension - high blood pressure

2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - buildup of plaque in arteries

31
Q

Metabolic syndrome definition

A

A combination of risk factors that increase chances of developing CHD

32
Q

Presence of 3 or more of the following signify metabolic syndrome:

A

a. Abdominal obesity
b. Triglycerides >150mg/dL
c. Low HDL (women <50 mg/dl, men <40 mg/dl)
d. BP >130/85
e. Fasting glucose >100 mg/dL

33
Q

Target total cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dl

34
Q

Target HDL

A

> 50 mg/dl

35
Q

Target LDL

A

<130 mg/dl

36
Q

Target blood pressure

A

<120/80 mm Hg

Human Nutrition (Chapters 4-6) (3 decks)

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