Chapter 5c-Ethical Issues

Question 1

Etiquette

Answer 1

The unwritten rules concerning player behaviour

Question 2

Examples of etiquette

Answer 2

• In football-players kick the ball out if another player is injured so they can get treatment
• In tennis-shake hands with players and officials after match

Question 3

Sportsmanship

Answer 3

Appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in a sporting event

Question 4

Gamesmanship

Answer 4

The use of dubious methods, that are not strictly illegal, to gain an advantage

Question 5

Example of gamesmanship

Answer 5

•In tennis-player retying their shoelaces during an important serve to break opponents concentration

Question 6

Contract to compete

Answer 6

Agreeing to play by the rules, trying to win but also allowing your opponent to play

Question 7

National governing body

Answer 7

Organisation with responsibility for managing their specific sport

Question 8

International olympic committe

Answer 8

The independent authority of the worldwide modern olympic movement. It organises the olympic games

Question 9

Erogenic aid

Answer 9

A technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance

Question 10

Stimulants

Answer 10

Make athletes more alert and mask the effects of fatigue

Question 11

Adrenaline

Answer 11

Naturally occurring hormone that prepares the body for flight or fight

Question 12

Benefits of stimulants

Answer 12

• increase alertness
• reduce reaction time
• reduce tiredness
• increase agressiveness

Question 13

Examples of stimulants

Answer 13

Amphetamines

Caffeine

Question 14

Disadvantages of stimulants

Answer 14

• highly addictive
• high blood pressure
• strokes
• heart and liver problems
• increase risk of injury because player is more tolerant to pain

Question 15

Anabolic agents

Answer 15

Drugs that help athletes to train harder and build muscle

Question 16

Benefits of anabolic agents

Answer 16

• increase rate and amount of muscle growth
• speed up recovery
• increase strength
• more agressive and competitive
• addictive

Question 17

Examples of anabolic agents

Answer 17

Anabolic steroid
Nandrolone
Danazol

Question 18

Disadvantages of anabolic agents

Answer 18

• shrink testicles
• high blood pressure
• damage heart, liver and kidneys
• (in women) more body hair
• (in women) smaller breasts
• (in women) deeper voice

Question 19

Peptide hormones (EPO)

Answer 19

Naturally occurring chemicals. EPO increases numbers of red blood cells and therefore improves oxygen delivery to muscles

Question 20

Benefits of peptide hormones (EPO)

Answer 20

• improve muscle growth
• increase production of red blood cells
• reduces fatigue in long distance

Question 21

Disadvantages of peptide hormones (EPO)

Answer 21

Side effects are caused by thickening of the blood which requires the heart to pump harder and can lead to an increases risk of stroke or heart attack

Question 22

Diuretics

Answer 22

Drugs that remove fluid from the body

Question 23

Dehydration

Answer 23

A condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in

Question 24

Benefits of diuretics

Answer 24

• lose weight rapidly in sports with a weight category

- dilute the presence of illegal substances and aid the removal of them from the body in urine

Question 25

Examples of diuretics

Answer 25

Frusemide

Question 26

Disadvantages of diuretics

Answer 26

• severe dehydration
• low blood pressure
• muscle cramps

Question 27

Blood doping

Answer 27

Artificially increasing the number of red blood cells in the blood

Question 28

How blood doping works

Answer 28

Removing about 2 pints of blood from the body several weeks before event. In the time before event the body will make more blood to replace it. The removed blood is frozen until 1-2 days before, then is thawed and injected back in. EPO is blood doping

Question 29

Benefits of blood doping

Answer 29

Blood doping is most commonly used by endurance athletes.
By increasing the number of red blood cells, the blood can carry more oxygen to the muscles where it can be used for energy

Question 30

Disadvantages of blood doping

Answer 30

• increases thickening of the blood (viscocity)
• potential heart attacks
• risk of blood borne disease such as HIV or hepatitis
• embolism (blockage of a blood vessel)

Question 31

Beta blockers

Answer 31

Drugs taken to calm performer down by reducing the effects of adrenaline

Question 32

Benefits of beta blockers

Answer 32

• reduce heart rate
• reduce muscle tension
• reduce blood pressure
• improve fine motor control so useful for precision in eg darts, archery etc

Question 33

Disadvantages of beta blockers

Answer 33

• nausea
• poor circulation leading to heart problems
• tiredness
• weakness

Question 34

Home field advantage

Answer 34

The psychological advantage that the home team has over the visiting team as a result of playing in familiar surroundings

Question 35

Hooliganism

Answer 35

Rowdy, violent or destructive behaviour

Question 36

Reasons for hooliganism

Answer 36

• rivalry between local teams
• alcohol/drug use
• protecting local area/their tean
• frustration
• display of masculinity
• being part of a group

Question 37

Combating hooliganism

Answer 37

• banning certain people
• banning alcohol or closing local pubs early
• introduce all seater stadiums
• segregation of fans
• improved policing and stewarding
• introducing more cctv
• use high profile role models through campaigns etc