Chapter 5c-Ethical Issues Flashcards
Etiquette
The unwritten rules concerning player behaviour
Examples of etiquette
- In football-players kick the ball out if another player is injured so they can get treatment
- In tennis-shake hands with players and officials after match
Sportsmanship
Appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in a sporting event
Gamesmanship
The use of dubious methods, that are not strictly illegal, to gain an advantage
Example of gamesmanship
•In tennis-player retying their shoelaces during an important serve to break opponents concentration
Contract to compete
Agreeing to play by the rules, trying to win but also allowing your opponent to play
National governing body
Organisation with responsibility for managing their specific sport
International olympic committe
The independent authority of the worldwide modern olympic movement. It organises the olympic games
Erogenic aid
A technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance
Stimulants
Make athletes more alert and mask the effects of fatigue
Adrenaline
Naturally occurring hormone that prepares the body for flight or fight
Benefits of stimulants
- increase alertness
- reduce reaction time
- reduce tiredness
- increase agressiveness
Examples of stimulants
Amphetamines
Caffeine
Disadvantages of stimulants
- highly addictive
- high blood pressure
- strokes
- heart and liver problems
- increase risk of injury because player is more tolerant to pain
Anabolic agents
Drugs that help athletes to train harder and build muscle
Benefits of anabolic agents
- increase rate and amount of muscle growth
- speed up recovery
- increase strength
- more agressive and competitive
- addictive
Examples of anabolic agents
Anabolic steroid
Nandrolone
Danazol
Disadvantages of anabolic agents
- shrink testicles
- high blood pressure
- damage heart, liver and kidneys
- (in women) more body hair
- (in women) smaller breasts
- (in women) deeper voice
Peptide hormones (EPO)
Naturally occurring chemicals. EPO increases numbers of red blood cells and therefore improves oxygen delivery to muscles
Benefits of peptide hormones (EPO)
- improve muscle growth
- increase production of red blood cells
- reduces fatigue in long distance
Disadvantages of peptide hormones (EPO)
Side effects are caused by thickening of the blood which requires the heart to pump harder and can lead to an increases risk of stroke or heart attack
Diuretics
Drugs that remove fluid from the body
Dehydration
A condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in
Benefits of diuretics
- lose weight rapidly in sports with a weight category
- dilute the presence of illegal substances and aid the removal of them from the body in urine
Examples of diuretics
Frusemide
Disadvantages of diuretics
- severe dehydration
- low blood pressure
- muscle cramps
Blood doping
Artificially increasing the number of red blood cells in the blood
How blood doping works
Removing about 2 pints of blood from the body several weeks before event. In the time before event the body will make more blood to replace it. The removed blood is frozen until 1-2 days before, then is thawed and injected back in. EPO is blood doping
Benefits of blood doping
Blood doping is most commonly used by endurance athletes.
By increasing the number of red blood cells, the blood can carry more oxygen to the muscles where it can be used for energy
Disadvantages of blood doping
- increases thickening of the blood (viscocity)
- potential heart attacks
- risk of blood borne disease such as HIV or hepatitis
- embolism (blockage of a blood vessel)
Beta blockers
Drugs taken to calm performer down by reducing the effects of adrenaline
Benefits of beta blockers
- reduce heart rate
- reduce muscle tension
- reduce blood pressure
- improve fine motor control so useful for precision in eg darts, archery etc
Disadvantages of beta blockers
- nausea
- poor circulation leading to heart problems
- tiredness
- weakness
Home field advantage
The psychological advantage that the home team has over the visiting team as a result of playing in familiar surroundings
Hooliganism
Rowdy, violent or destructive behaviour
Reasons for hooliganism
- rivalry between local teams
- alcohol/drug use
- protecting local area/their tean
- frustration
- display of masculinity
- being part of a group
Combating hooliganism
- banning certain people
- banning alcohol or closing local pubs early
- introduce all seater stadiums
- segregation of fans
- improved policing and stewarding
- introducing more cctv
- use high profile role models through campaigns etc
