Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PE > Chapter 2-Movement Analysis > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Movement Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Fulcrum

A

The part of a lever system that pivots, joints are the fulcrums in the body’s lever systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resistance

A

The load to be moved by a lever system, usually this involves weight when the body’s lever systems are involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effort

A

The force applied to move the resistance or weight, in the body the effort is provided by the muscles exerting a force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
First class lever
Give positions and example
A

It has the fulcrum lying between the effort and the resistance.
EG: The way the tricep acts during extension. The elbow is the fulcrum, the hand is the resistance and the effort is applied by the tricep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Second class lever
Give position and example
A

It is where the fulcrum lies at one end with the effort at the other, with resistance in the middle
EG: The ankle joint in calf raises. The fulcrum is the ball of the foot, the effort is the contraction of the gastrocnemius and the resistance is the weight of the person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Third class lever
Give position and example
A 
It is where the fulcrum is at one end, the resistance at the other end and the effort is in the middle. The majority of the body’s joints are third class
EG: The bicep acting at the elbow to cause flexion (bicep curl). The bicep is the effort, the hand and what is in it is the resistance and the elbow joint is the fulcrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanical advantage (definition)

A

Mechanical advantage is the benefit to a lever system of having either a short effort arm (RAPID MOVEMENTS OVER A LARGE RANGE OF MOVEMENT) or a short resistance arm (ABLE TO MOVE A HEAVY WEIGHT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanical advantage (positioning)

A

The resistance arm is the distance between the resistance and fulcrum. The effort arm is the distance between the effort and fulcrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mechanical advantage (equation)

A

Mechanical advantage = effort arm/resistance arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanical advantage (1st and 3rd class)

A

1st and 3rd class levers have an effort arm shorter than the resistance arm. This speeds up ths movement and produces a wide range of movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanical advantage (second class)

A

They are able to overcome a large resistance with an effort that is fairly small because resistance arm is shorter than effort arm. The action of the effort can easily move the resistance, which (in a calf raise) is the weight of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antagonistic muscle action

A

As one muscle contracts, the second muscle relaxes. As the second muscle contracts, the first muscle contracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Agonist

A

The prime mover- the muscle that causes movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairings (examples)

A
  • Bicep+Tricep
  • Deltoid+Latissumus dorsi
  • Pectorals+Trapezius
  • Hip flexors+Gluteals
  • Quadricep+Hamstring
  • Tibialis anterior+Gastrocnemius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antagonistic muscle pairing (example-tricep and bicep)

A

As the bicep contracts, the lower arm moves up towards the shoulder. The tricep relaxes to allow this movement. The bicep is the agonist and the tricep is the antagonist

17
Q

Tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone

EG: Achilles Tendon

18
Q

Isotonic muscle contractions

A

The muscle action where the muscle changes length which causes movement. The two types are concentric and eccentric.
How to remember:tonic water moves

19
Q

Concentric muscle contraction

A

An isotonic muscle contraction where the muscle shortens as it contracts.

20
Q

Concentric muscle contraction (example)

A

Bending the elbow from straight to fully flexed, caused by concentric contraction of the bicep.

21
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction

A

An isotonic muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens as it contracts. Usually involves the control or slowing down of a movement started by the eccentric muscle’s agonist.

22
Q

Eccentric muscle contraction (example-tricep/quadricep)

A

In the downward phase of a press up, the tricep contracts eccentrically to slow the movement down.
In a squat, the quadricep contracts eccentrically to lower the body towards the ground.

23
Q

Isometric muscle contraction

A

A muscle action where the muscle stays the same length, it is used in balances

24
Q

Isometric muscle contraction (example)

A

While performing a handstand, many of the body’s muscles are contracting, but there is no movement as the balance is being held

25
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Forward or backward movements

26
Q

Frontal plane

A

Side to side movements

27
Q

Transverse plane

A

Rotational or turning movements

How to remember: TRANSVERSE=TURN

28
Q

To picture the sagittal plane

A

Dividing the body into left and right parts

29
Q

To picture the frontal plane

A

Divide the front and back halves of the body

30
Q

To picture the transverse plane

A

Divide the top and bottom of the body(through the hips)

31
Q

Transverse axis

A

Passes horizontally through the body from left to right. Movements in a sagittal plane (forwards and backwards) use this.
How to remember: TRANSVERSE=TABLE FOOTBALL

32
Q

Sagittal axis

A

Passes horizontally through the body from back to front. Movements in a frontal plane (side to side) use this.
How to remember: SAGITTAL=STOMACH

33
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

Passes vertically from the top to bottom of the body. Movements in a transverse plane (rotations) use this.
How to remember: LONGITUDINAL=LINES ON A MAP

34
Q

Saggital plane (examples)

A
  • Walking
  • Running
  • Squats
  • Bicep curl
  • Leg extensions
  • Front somersault

Done using flexion/extension

35
Q

Frontal plane (examples)

A
  • Star jump
  • Cartwheel
  • Side-bending

Done using abduction/adduction

36
Q

Transverse plane (examples)

A
  • Discuss throws
  • Hammer throws
  • 360 twist
  • Ice skating spin

Done using rotations

PE (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions