What is sleep?
The thing that LECOM students are not allowed to do. Ever
What is the difference between slow wave and REM sleep?
Slow wave= deep and restful (1st hr of sleep, lower BP, Resp, HR, BMR)
REM Sleep= every 90 min (5-30min duration)
What are some characteristics of REM sleep?
- occurs less if you are more tired and frequency decreases throughout the night
- active dreaming and movements
- harder to awaken
- strong spinal cord inhibition
- high brain activity and irregular HR and Resp rate
Stimulation to what 3 areas can produce sleep with natural characteristics?
- raphe nuclei in the lower pons and medulla
- solitary nucleus
- rostral hypothalamus(suprachiasmal- uhh ohh here comes that circadian rhythm shit) and thalamus
Lesions where eill cause prolonged wakefullness?
- discrete lesions to the raphe nuclei
- bilaterally to the sprachiasmal area of the anterior hypothalamus
—–>release inhibition of the mesencephalon and pons
What is the role of muramyl peptide?
-accumilates in the CSF during wakefullness and induces sleep quite rapidly
What are some of the physiologic functions of sleep?
- restore natural balances among neuronal centers
- neural maturation
- facilitation of learning or memory
- cognition
- conservation of energy
What are the 4 types of brain waves?
- alpha
- beta
- theta
- delta
When do alpha brain waves normally occur and from where do they orriginate?
Whenare Beta waves most commonly observed?
-occur when a mind is directed to some kind of mental activity (like observing with open eyes)
When and where do Theta waves most often occur?
- normally in the parietal and temporal lobes of children
- during emotional stress in some adults
- degenerative brain disorders
What is unique about the frequency of the Delta waves? When and where do they occur?
- Very high voltage with low frequency
- occur in very deep sleep, infancy and serious organic brain disease
- can occur strictly in the cortex independant of lower brain activities
What are the three classifications of epilepsy?
- grand mal epilepsy
- petite mal epilepsy
- focal epilepsy
What are the brain waves like in the grand mal, petite mal, and focal epilepsy?
- Grand mal: High voltage, high frequncy discharges
- Petite mal: Spike and dome pattern
- Focal: low frequency, rectangular wave
How many pages were wasted in to module on seizures?
3
What neurotransmitters are reduced in manic-depressive psychosis?
-norepinepherine and serotonin
Exaggerated function of what neurotransmitter system is responsible for schizophrenia?
Dopamine system
What peptide accumilates in the brain in alzheimer disease patients?
- Beta-amyloid peptide
- accumilates into amyoloid plaques
- vascular disease is also a risk factor
