Chapter 59

Question 1

What is sleep?

Answer 1

The thing that LECOM students are not allowed to do. Ever

Question 2

What is the difference between slow wave and REM sleep?

Answer 2

Slow wave= deep and restful (1st hr of sleep, lower BP, Resp, HR, BMR)

REM Sleep= every 90 min (5-30min duration)

Question 3

What are some characteristics of REM sleep?

Answer 3

• occurs less if you are more tired and frequency decreases throughout the night
• active dreaming and movements
• harder to awaken
• strong spinal cord inhibition
• high brain activity and irregular HR and Resp rate

Question 4

Stimulation to what 3 areas can produce sleep with natural characteristics?

Answer 4

• raphe nuclei in the lower pons and medulla
• solitary nucleus
• rostral hypothalamus(suprachiasmal- uhh ohh here comes that circadian rhythm shit) and thalamus

Question 5

Lesions where eill cause prolonged wakefullness?

Answer 5

• discrete lesions to the raphe nuclei
• bilaterally to the sprachiasmal area of the anterior hypothalamus

—–>release inhibition of the mesencephalon and pons

Question 6

What is the role of muramyl peptide?

Answer 6

-accumilates in the CSF during wakefullness and induces sleep quite rapidly

Question 7

What are some of the physiologic functions of sleep?

Answer 7

• restore natural balances among neuronal centers
• neural maturation
• facilitation of learning or memory
• cognition
• conservation of energy

Question 8

What are the 4 types of brain waves?

Answer 8

• alpha
• beta
• theta
• delta

Question 9

When do alpha brain waves normally occur and from where do they orriginate?

Question 10

Whenare Beta waves most commonly observed?

Answer 10

-occur when a mind is directed to some kind of mental activity (like observing with open eyes)

Question 11

When and where do Theta waves most often occur?

Answer 11

• normally in the parietal and temporal lobes of children
• during emotional stress in some adults
• degenerative brain disorders

Question 12

What is unique about the frequency of the Delta waves? When and where do they occur?

Answer 12

• Very high voltage with low frequency
• occur in very deep sleep, infancy and serious organic brain disease
• can occur strictly in the cortex independant of lower brain activities

Question 13

What are the three classifications of epilepsy?

Answer 13

• grand mal epilepsy
• petite mal epilepsy
• focal epilepsy

Question 14

What are the brain waves like in the grand mal, petite mal, and focal epilepsy?

Answer 14

• Grand mal: High voltage, high frequncy discharges
• Petite mal: Spike and dome pattern
• Focal: low frequency, rectangular wave

Question 15

How many pages were wasted in to module on seizures?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What neurotransmitters are reduced in manic-depressive psychosis?

Answer 16

-norepinepherine and serotonin

Question 17

Exaggerated function of what neurotransmitter system is responsible for schizophrenia?

Answer 17

Dopamine system

Question 18

What peptide accumilates in the brain in alzheimer disease patients?

Answer 18

• Beta-amyloid peptide
• accumilates into amyoloid plaques
• vascular disease is also a risk factor