Chapter 58

Question 1

ecosystem

Answer 1

organisms of particular habitat and physical environment

Question 2

hydrologic cycle

Answer 2

movement of water from oceans to atmosphere, soil, and back to oceans

Question 3

aquifer

Answer 3

large pool of groundwater

Question 4

stratosphere

Answer 4

upper part of Earth’s atmosphere (above troposphere approx. 18-50 km above surface

Question 5

sustainable

Answer 5

pertaining to use and management of ecosystems in a way that humans benefit over long term from specific ecosystem goods and services w/o compromising others

Question 6

greenhouse gases

Answer 6

gases in atm (CO2, CH4) that are transparent to sunlight but trap heat from radiating from Earth’s surface causing heat to build up

Question 7

biogeochemical cycle

Answer 7

movement of inorganic elements through living organisms (N2, P, C) and the physical environment

Question 8

upwelling zones

Answer 8

areas of ocean where cool, nutrient-rich water from deeper layers rises to surface

Question 9

fossil fuels

Answer 9

fuels formed over geologic time from organic material buried in anaerobic sediments

Question 10

troposphere

Answer 10

lowest atmospheric zone up to about 17 km; nearly all water vapor is located

Question 11

turnover

Answer 11

vertical movements of water that bring nutrients and dissolved CO2 to surface and O2 to deeper water

Question 12

acid preparation

Answer 12

precipitation that has a lower pH than normal due to acid-forming precursor molecules introduced into atmosphere by human activities

Question 13

eutrophication

Answer 13

addition of nutrient materials to body of H2O, resulting in changes in ecological processes and species composition w/in body of H2O