Chapter 56

Question 1

aposematism

Answer 1

warning coloration; bright colors or striking patterns of toxic or mimetic prey species that act as a warning to predators

Question 2

coevolution

Answer 2

evolutionary processes in which an adaptation in one species leads to evolution of an adaptation in a species with which it interacts

Question 3

competition

Answer 3

use of same resource (in ecology) by 2+ species when the resource is present in insufficient supply for combined needs of the species

Question 4

competitive exclusion

Answer 4

result of competition between species for a limiting resource in which one species completely eliminates the other

Question 5

commensalism

Answer 5

type of interaction between species in which one participant benefits while the other is unaffected

Question 6

Batesian mimicry

Answer 6

convergence in appearance of an edible species with an unpalatable species

Question 7

arms race

Answer 7

series of reciprocal adaptations between species involved in antagonistic interactions, in which adaptations that increase the fitness of a consumer species exert selection pressure on its resource species to counter the consumer’s adaptation (& vice versa)

Question 8

interference competition

Answer 8

competition in which individuals actively interfere with one another’s access to resources

Question 9

crypsis

Answer 9

resemblance of an organism to some part of its environment, which helps it to escape detection by enemies

Question 10

niche

Answer 10

set of physical & biological conditions a species requires to survive, grow, & reproduce

Question 11

diffuse coevolution

Answer 11

evolution of similar traits in suits of species experiencing similar selection pressures imposed by other suites of species with which they interact

Question 12

guild

Answer 12

group of species in ecology that exploit the same resource, but in slightly different ways

Question 13

antagonistic interactions

Answer 13

interactions between two species in which one species benefits and the other is harmed (includes predation, herbivory, parasitism)

Question 14

homotypic

Answer 14

pertaining to adhesion of cells of the same type

Question 15

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 15

convergence in appearance of 2+ unpalatable species

Question 16

amensalism

Answer 16

interaction in which one animal is harmed and the other is unaffected

Question 17

fundamental niche

Answer 17

species’ niche as defined by its physiological capabilities

Question 18

realized niche

Answer 18

species’ niche as defined by its interactions with other species

Question 19

character displacement

Answer 19

evolutionary phenomenon in which species that compete for same resources w/in same territory tend to diverge in morphology and/or behavior

Question 20

intraspecific competition

Answer 20

competition among members of the same species

Question 21

exploitation competition

Answer 21

competition in which individuals reduce the quantities of their shared resources

Question 22

mutualism

Answer 22

type of interaction between species that benefits both species

Question 23

interspecific competition

Answer 23

competition between members of 2+ species

Question 24

resource partitioning

Answer 24

situation in which selection pressures resulting from interspecific competition cause changes in the ways in which the competing species use the limiting resource, thereby allowing them to coexist