Chapter 5.5-5.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

signal transduction pathway

A

signal, receptor, response, amplification

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2
Q

autocrine

A

signals effect the same cells that release them, self stimulaters

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3
Q

paracrine

A

diffuse to and effect nearby cells, like neurotransmitters

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4
Q

hormones

A

signals to distant cells through circulatory system

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5
Q

rule numero uno

A

only cells with the necessary receptors can respond

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6
Q

how can receptors be classified?

A

by location and function

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7
Q

cytoplasmic receptor

A

small non polar ligands get through the plasma membrane and can bind to receptors in the cytoplasm, triggering responses

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8
Q

membrane receptors

A

binds to a transmembrane receptor on the outside of the plasma membrane because it cannot get across

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9
Q

ion channel receptors

A

like those gated ion channels that allow for the gates to open

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10
Q

protein kinase receptors

A

the ligand binds to the receptor, phosphate is release from ATP, becomes ADP and a phosphorylated protein, it activates the kinase which sends signals for responses

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11
Q

G linked protein receptors

A

uses the guanine nucleotide exchange factor, the ligand binds to the receptor site, GDP is exchanged for GTP and that activates the G-protein, part of the activated g-protein then acivates the effector protein which amplifies and sets off thousands of reactants to products.

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12
Q

guanine nucleotide exchange factor

A

when a GTP is exchanged for a GDP so it can activate the g-protein so a part of that can activate the effector protein

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13
Q

cAMP

A

cyclic AMP, the second messenger, the messenger that helps through each step, they do not have enzymatic activity themselves, but actually non covalently bind.

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