chapter 54 - community ecology

Question 1

community

Answer 1

a group of populations of different species living in close enough proximity to interact

Question 2

interspecific

Answer 2

interactions with individuals of other species in the community

Question 3

competition

Answer 3

a (-/-) interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits the survival and reproduction of each species

Question 4

competitive exclusion

Answer 4

when 2 species compete for limited resources; even a slight reproductive advantage will eventually lead to local elimination of the inferior competitor

Question 5

ecological niche

Answer 5

the specific set of biotic and abiotic resources that an organism uses in its environment; 2 species cannot coexist permanently in a community if their niches are identical

Question 6

resource partitioning

Answer 6

the differentiation of niches that enable similar species to coexist in a community

Question 7

fundamental niche

Answer 7

the niche that can potentially be occupied bu a species

Question 8

realized niche

Answer 8

the portion of its fundamental niche that a species actually occupies

Question 9

character displacement

Answer 9

the tendency for characteristics to diverge more in sympathic than in alloptric populations of 2 species

Question 10

allopatric

Answer 10

geographically separate

Question 11

sympatric

Answer 11

geographically overlapping

Question 12

exploitation

Answer 12

a general term for any (+/-) interaction in which one species benefit by feeding on the other species

Question 13

predation

Answer 13

a (+/-) interaction between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey

Question 14

aposematic coloration

Answer 14

warning coloration

Question 15

cryptic coloration

Answer 15

camouflage

Question 16

batesian mimicry

Answer 16

a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful species to which is is not closely related

Question 17

mullerian mimicry

Answer 17

2 or more unpalatable species resemble each other

Question 18

herbivory

Answer 18

an exploitative (+/-) interaction in which an organism - an herbivore - eats part of plant or algae, harming it

Question 19

parasitism

Answer 19

a (+/-) exploitative interaction in which one organism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process

Question 20

ecdoparasites

Answer 20

parasites that feed on the external surface of a host

Question 21

endoparasites

Answer 21

live with in the body of their host

Question 22

positive interactions

Answer 22

(+/+) or (+/0) interaction in which at least one species benefits and neither is harmed

Question 23

mutualism

Answer 23

interspecific interaction that benefits both species (+/+)

Question 24

commensialism

Answer 24

interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other (+/0)

Question 25

species diversity

Answer 25

the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community

Question 26

species richness

Answer 26

number of species in the community

Question 27

relative abundance

Answer 27

the proportion each species represent of all individuals in the community

Question 28

biomass

Answer 28

the total mass of all organisms in a habitat

Question 29

invasive species

Answer 29

organisms that become established outside their native range

Question 30

trophic structure

Answer 30

the structure and dynamics of a community also depend on the feeding relationships between organisms

Question 31

trophic level

Answer 31

the position an organism occupies n a food chain

Question 32

disturbance

Answer 32

an event that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability