chapter 53 - population ecology

Question 1

population ecology

Answer 1

the study of populations in relation to their environment

Question 2

population

Answer 2

group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area

Question 3

density

Answer 3

the number of individuals per nit area or volume

Question 4

dispersion

Answer 4

the pattern of spacing among individuals with in the boundaries of the population

Question 5

mark-recapture method

Answer 5

estimate size of wildlife populations; capture, tag, release

Question 6

immigration

Answer 6

the influx of new individuals from other areas

Question 7

emmigration

Answer 7

the movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations

Question 8

territoriality

Answer 8

the defense bonded physical space against encroachment by other individuals

Question 9

demography

Answer 9

the study of vital statistics of populations and how they change overtime

Question 10

life table

Answer 10

summarizes the survival and reproductive rates of individuals in specific age groups with in a population

Question 11

cohort

Answer 11

a group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead

Question 12

survivorship curve

Answer 12

a plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age

Question 13

exponential population growth

Answer 13

when a population that experiences sch ideal conditions increases in size by a constant proportion at each instant time

Question 14

intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 14

the per capita rate at which an exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant in time

Question 15

carrying capacity

Answer 15

the max population size that a particular environment can sustain

Question 16

logistic population growth

Answer 16

the per capita rate of population growth approaches zero as the population size nears the carrying capacity

Question 17

life history

Answer 17

the traits that affect an organisms schedule of reproduction and survival

Question 18

semelparity

Answer 18

organisms undergo a “one shot” pattern of big-bang reproduction

Question 19

iteroparity

Answer 19

repeated reproduction

Question 20

K-selection

Answer 20

selection for traits that are advantageous at high densities

Question 21

density independent

Answer 21

a birth rate or death rate that does not change with population density

Question 22

density dependent

Answer 22

a death rate that increases with population density or a birth rate that falls with rising density

Question 23

population dynamics

Answer 23

population fluctuations from year to year or place to place

Question 24

metapopulation

Answer 24

when a number of local populations are linked

Question 25

demographic transition

Answer 25

the movement form high birth and death rates toward low birth and death rates, which tends to accompany industrialization and improved living conditions

Question 26

age structure

Answer 26

the relative number of individuals of each age in the population

Question 27

ecological footprint

Answer 27

summarizes the aggregate land and water area required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates