Chapter 53- Population Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

age structure

A

The relative number of individuals of each age in a population

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2
Q

carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as k

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3
Q

cohort

A

A group of individuals of the same age in a population

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4
Q

demographic transition

A

In a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

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5
Q

demography

A

The study of changes overtime in the vital statistics of populations, especially birth rates and death rates

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6
Q

density

A

The number of individuals per unit area of volume

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7
Q

density dependent

A

Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density

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8
Q

density independent

A

Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density

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9
Q

dispersion

A

The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population

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10
Q

ecological footprint

A

The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates

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11
Q

emigration

A

The movement of individuals out of a population

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12
Q

exponential population growth

A

Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time

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13
Q

immigration

A

The influx of new individuals into a population form other areas

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14
Q

iteroparity

A

Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years also known as repeated reproduction

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15
Q

k-selection

A

Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; also called density-dependent selection

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16
Q

life history

A

The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival

17
Q

life table

A

An age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population

18
Q

logistic population growth

A

Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying population

19
Q

mark-recapture method

A

A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations

20
Q

metapopulation

A

A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration

21
Q

population

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring

22
Q

r-section

A

Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent selection

23
Q

reproductive table

A

An age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population

24
Q

semelparity

A

Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; also known as big-bang reproduction

25
Q

survivorship curve

A

A plot of the numbers of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality

26
Q

territoriality

A

A behavior in which an individual defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of its own species

27
Q

zero population growth (ZPG)

A

A period of stability in population size, when additions to the population through births and immigration are balanced by subtractions through deaths and emigration