Chapter 52- An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Question 1

a

Answer 1

without

Question 2

bio

Answer 2

life

abiotic components: nonliving chemical and physical factors in the environment

Question 3

abyss

Answer 3

deep, bottomless
(abyssal zone: the very deep benthic communities near the bottom of the ocean this region is characterized by continuous cold, extremely high water pressure, low nutrients, and near or total absence of light)

Question 4

bentho

Answer 4

the depths of the sea

benthic zone: the bottom surfaces of aquatic environments

Question 5

estuar

Answer 5

the sea

estuary: the area where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean

Question 6

eu

Answer 6

good, well

Question 7

troph

Answer 7

food, nourishment

eutrophic: shallow lakes with high nutrient content in the water

Question 8

geo

Answer 8

the Earth

biogeography: the study of the past and present distribution of species

Question 9

hydro

Answer 9

water

Question 10

inter

Answer 10

between

inter tidal zone: the shallow zone of the ocean where land meets water

Question 11

limn

Answer 11

a lake

limnetic zone: the well-lit, open surface waters of a lake farther from shore

Question 12

littor

Answer 12

the seashore

littoral zone: the shallow, well-lit waters of a lake close to shore

Question 13

oligo

Answer 13

small, scant

oligotrophic lake: a nutrient-poor, clear, deep lake with minimum phytoplankton

Question 14

micro

Answer 14

small

microclimate: very fine scale variations of climate, such as the specific climate conditions underneath a log

Question 15

therm

Answer 15

heat
(deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a dark, hot, oxygen-deficient environment associated with volcanic activity; the food producers are chemoautotrophic prokaryotes)

Question 16

pelag

Answer 16

the sea
(oceanic pelagic biome: most of the ocean's waters far from shore, constantly mixed by ocean currents)

Question 17

perman

Answer 17

remaining

permafrost: a permanently frozen stratum below the arctic tundra

Question 18

photo

Answer 18

light
(aphotic zone: the part of the ocean beneath the photic zone, where light does not penetrate sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur)

Question 19

thermo

Answer 19

heat

Question 20

clin

Answer 20

slope

thermocline: a narrow stratum of rapid temperature change in the ocean and in many temperate zone lakes

Question 21

abiotic

Answer 21

Nonliving; referring to the physical and chemical properties of an environment

Question 22

biotic

Answer 22

Pertaining to the living factors- the organisms- in an environment

Question 23

canopy

Answer 23

The uppermost layer of vegetation in a terrestrial biome

Question 24

climate

Answer 24

The long-term prevailing weather conditions at a given place

Question 25

climograph

Answer 25

A plot of the temperature and precipitation in a particular region

Question 26

disturbance

Answer 26

A natural or human-caused event that changes a biological community and usually remover organisms from it. Disturbances, such as fires and storms, play a pivotal role in structuring many communities

Question 27

detritus

Answer 27

Dead organic matter

Question 28

ecotone

Answer 28

The transition from one type of habitat or ecosystem to another, such as the transition from a forest to a grass land

Question 29

macroclimate

Answer 29

Large-scale patterns in climate; the climate of an entire region

Question 30

microclimate

Answer 30

Climate patters on a very fine scale, such as the specific climatic conditions underneath a log

Question 31

pelagic zone

Answer 31

The open-water component of aquatic biomes

Question 32

photic zone

Answer 32

The narrow top layer of an ocean or lake, where light penetrates sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur

Question 33

thermocline

Answer 33

A narrow stratum of abrupt temperature change in the ocean and in many temperature-zone lakes

Question 34

turnover

Answer 34

The mixing of waters as a result of changing water temperature profiles in a lake