CHAPTER 53 - ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY & URINARY FUNCTION

Question 1

hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium

Answer 1

aldosterone

Question 2

end product of protein metabolism

Answer 2

urea nitrogen

Question 3

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin

Answer 3

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

expression of the degree of concentration of the urine

Answer 4

specific gravity

Question 5

decreased urine output of less than 50 mL in 24 hours

Answer 5

anuria

Question 6

excretion of glucose in the urine

Answer 6

renal glycosuria

Question 7

bacteria in the urine

Answer 7

bacteriuria

Question 8

ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma

Answer 8

renal clearance

Question 9

endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism

Answer 9

creatinine

Question 10

white blood cells in the urine

Answer 10

pyuria

Question 11

increased urine volume

Answer 11

diuresis

Question 12

protein in the urine

Answer 12

proteinuria

Question 13

painful or difficult urination

Answer 13

dysuria

Question 14

urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/h

Answer 14

oliguria

Question 15

voiding more frequently than every 3 hours

Answer 15

frequency

Question 16

awakening at night to urinate

Answer 16

nocturia

Question 17

amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time

Answer 17

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Question 18

structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation

Answer 18

nephron

Question 19

tuft of capillaries forming part of the nephron through which filtration occurs

Answer 19

glomerulus

Question 20

urination or voiding

Answer 20

micturition

Question 21

red blood cells in the urine

Answer 21

hematuria

Question 22

What is the main purpose of the renal and urinary system?

Answer 22

to maintain homeostasis; regulate fluids & electrolytes; and removing wastes

Question 23

Functions of Kidney

Answer 23

Urine Formation; Waste Excretion; Regulation of Electrolyes; Regulation of Acid-Base Balance; Control of Water Balance; Control of Blood Pressure; Renal Clearance; Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production; Synthesis of vitamin D to active form; Secretion of Prostaglandins; Regulates calcium & phosphorus balance