CHAPTER 53 - ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY & URINARY FUNCTION Flashcards
hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
aldosterone
end product of protein metabolism
urea nitrogen
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
expression of the degree of concentration of the urine
specific gravity
decreased urine output of less than 50 mL in 24 hours
anuria
excretion of glucose in the urine
renal glycosuria
bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma
renal clearance
endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism
creatinine
white blood cells in the urine
pyuria
increased urine volume
diuresis
protein in the urine
proteinuria
painful or difficult urination
dysuria
urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/h
oliguria
voiding more frequently than every 3 hours
frequency
awakening at night to urinate
nocturia
amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation
nephron
tuft of capillaries forming part of the nephron through which filtration occurs
glomerulus
urination or voiding
micturition
red blood cells in the urine
hematuria
What is the main purpose of the renal and urinary system?
to maintain homeostasis; regulate fluids & electrolytes; and removing wastes
Functions of Kidney
Urine Formation; Waste Excretion; Regulation of Electrolyes; Regulation of Acid-Base Balance; Control of Water Balance; Control of Blood Pressure; Renal Clearance; Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production; Synthesis of vitamin D to active form; Secretion of Prostaglandins; Regulates calcium & phosphorus balance
