Chapter 5.2- Mitosis and Cytokinesis

Question 0

Chromosome:

Answer 0

A chromosome is one long continuous thread of DNA that consist of numerous genes along with regulatory information.
Your body cells have 46 chromosomes each.

Question 1

Main Ideas:

Answer 1

• Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.

- Mitosis and cytokinesis produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 2

Histone

Answer 2

At almost all times during the cell cycle, each of your chromosomes is associated with a group of proteins called histones. Parts of the histones interact with each other
further compacting the DNA.

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The loose combination of DNA and proteins.

Question 4

Chromatid

Answer 4

One half of a duplicated chromosome. Together the two identical chromatids are called sister chromatids.

Question 5

Centromere

Answer 5

Holds together the sister chromatids

Question 6

Telomeres

Answer 6

Structures at the ends of DNA molecules made of repeating nucleotides that do not form genes.

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

DNA and proteins condensed into tightly coiled chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers form.

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

The spindle fibers attach to each chromosome. They align the the chromosomes along the cell equator.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

Chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis usually begins in late anaphase or telephase

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

Nuclear membranes start to form, and the spindle fibers fall apart.

Question 11

Chromosome structure:

Answer 11

DNA DOUBLE HELIX:
Each continuous double stranded DNA molecule makes one chromosome.

DNA & HISTONES:
DNA wraps at regular intervals around proteins called histones, forming chromatin

CHROMATIN:
Interactions between parts of the histones further compact DNA

SUPERCOILED DNA:
The chromatin coils more tightly around organizing proteins.

Question 12

Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis?

Answer 12

The threads would become entangled.

Question 13

How does interphase prepare a cell to divide?

Answer 13

The DNA is duplicated

Question 14

Mitosis occurs in what types of cells?

Answer 14

Eukariotic

Question 15

Develop a short sentence to help you remember the order of the steps of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Answer 15

Purple men are talking.

Question 16

How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?

Answer 16

Animal cells:
-membrane pinches closed.
Plant cells:
-cell plate forms for separation.

Question 17

DNA wraps around organizing protein called________

Answer 17

Histones

Question 18

Sister chromatids are held together at the ________, which looks pinched.

Answer 18

Centromere

Question 19

The ends of DNA molecules form structures called ________ that help prevent the loss of genes.

Answer 19

Telomere