Chapter 52

Question 0

Serum calcium

Answer 0

9.0-10.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia: metastatic cancers of bone, Paget’s disease (disrupts your body’s normal bone recycling process), bone fractures in healing stage
Hypocalcemia: osteoporosis, osteomalacia (normal amount of collagen, but lower levels of calcium, rickets

Question 1

Musculoskeletal changes with aging

Answer 1

Decreased bone density
Increased bone prominence
Kyphotic posture: widened gait, shift in center of gravity
Cartilage degeneration
Decreased ROM
Muscle atrophy  decreased strength
Slowed movement

Question 2

Serum phosphorus

Answer 2

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Hyperphosphatemia: bone fractures in healing stage, bone tumors, acromegaly

Question 3

Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 3

30-120units/L
Will see increased levels in children and pregnancy, and certain MSK disorders
Elevations may indicate: metastatic cancers of the bone, Paget’s disease, osteomalacia

Question 4

Creatine kinase

Answer 4

Men: 55-170units/L
Women: 30-135units/L
Elevations may indicate: muscle trauma, progressive muscular dystrophy, effects of electromyography
90% accurate in demonstrating muscle trauma or injury

Question 5

Aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 5

10-34 IU/L
Released into bloodstream with tissue damage
Elevated in muscular dystrophy

Question 6

Aldolase

Answer 6

1.0-7.5 IU/L

Question 7

Lactic dehydrogenase

Answer 7

105-333 IU/L

Converts private, the final product of you colossi, to lactate when oxygen is absent or in short supply

Question 8

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 8

Helps diagnose neuromuscular, lower motor neuron, peripheral nerve disorders
Client must stop taking any muscle relaxers 48 hours prior to test
Contraindicated in pt who are taking blood thinners
Assess herbal remedies and OTC meds

Question 9

Arthroscopy

Answer 9

Fiberoptic tube inserted into joint for direct visualization
Ambulatory or same day surgery
Pt must be able to flex knee
Evaluate neurovascular status or affected limb frequently

Question 10

Post op education for arthroscopy pt

Answer 10

Pt will be sent home on PO meds
Keep extremity elevated for 12 hours
Apply ice intermittently for 24 hours
Non-weight bearing for 48 hours

Question 11

Bone scan

Answer 11

Radioactive material is injected for viewing entire skeleton
Used primarily to detect tumors, arthritis, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, vertebral compression fractures, and unexplained bone pain

Question 12

Gallium or thallium scan

Answer 12

Similar to bone scan but are or ever specific and sensitive in detecting bone problems
Best indicator of bone metastasis if to is unable to have MRI