Chapter 51 Flashcards
What are the 4 primary nerves of the upper limb?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve is a continuation of the ____ ____ of the brachial plexus. Beginning after the lateral ROOT of the _____ ____ is given off.
lateral cord; median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve pierces what muscle?
Coracobrachialis
Musculocutaneous nerve descends through the _____ compartment of the arm, coursing between ______ and _____.
anterior; biceps brachii and brachialis muscles
What muscles in the arm are innervated by musculocutaneous nerve? (3)
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
The musculocutanous nerve emerges _____ to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and becomes the _____.
lateral; lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC)
What does the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC) supply?
skin of the lateral forearm
The median nerve originates from the _____ ____ and the ___ ____ of the median nerve.
lateral root; medial root
These roots arise from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus.
The median nerve descends through the ____ _____ of the arm, where is has NO muscular or cutaneous innervation.
medial compartment
The median nerve travels through the ____ ____ where it is found ____ to the brachial artery.
cubital fossa; medial
The median nerve gives off what branch within the cubital fossa?
anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
As the median nerve enters the forearm it courses BETWEEN the two heads of origin of what muscle?
Pronator teres
In the proximal forearm the median nerve passes ____ to the ARCH of the flexor digitorum superficials muscle with the _____ ____.
deep; ulnar artery
The median nerve descends through the forearm between what 2 muscles?
flexor digitorum superficials and flexor digitorum profundus muscles
What 4 muscles of the forearm does the median nerve innervate?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
PROXIMAL to the flexor retinaculum, the median nerve gives off a _____ ______ that courses ______ to the flexor retinaculum to cutaneously innervate the skin of the _____ palm.
palmar branch; anterior; lateral
What do the direct branches of the median nerve supply?
muscular innervation to lumbricals 1 and 2
What do the digital branches of the median nerve innervate?
cutaneous innervation to the lateral 3.5 digits anteriorly and their tips posteriorly
The recurrent branch of the median nerve courses proximally and supplies _____ thenar muscles
2.5
What nerve arises as a branch of the median nerve WITHIN the cubital fossa?
Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN)
The AIN courses distally along the _____ surface of the interosseous membrane.
anterior
What are the muscles innervated by the AIN in the forearm? (2.5)
flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
The ulnar nerve is a continuation of the ____ ____ of the brachial plexus.
medial cord
The ulnar nerve descends through the _____ ______ of the arm, where it innervates _____ muscles.
medial compartment; 0
The ulnar nerve pierces the _____ ____ of the ____ _____ _____ as it passed from the medial to the _______ compartment of the forearm.
posterior lamina; medial intermuscular septum; posterior
Once in the posterior compartment the ulnar nerve courses _____ to the medial epicondyle.
posterior
The ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the two heads of origin of the _____ ____ _____ muscle.
flexor carpi ulnaris
The ulnar nerve courses through the forearm between the ___ ___ ___ and ____ _____ _____ muscles.
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm? (1.5)
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
The ulnar nerve courses with the ___ artery in the ____ ____ of the forearm.
ulnar; distal half
In the distal forearm the ulnar nerve gives off a ____ branch that cutaneously innervates the ____ of the _____ 1.5 digits and hand.
dorsal branch; dorsum; medial
Proximal to the _____ _____, the ulnar nerve also gives off a ______ branch that courses anterior to the _____ _____ to cutaneously innervate the skin of ______.
flexor retinaculum, palmer branch, flexor teinaculum, the medial palm
In the wrist, the ulnar nerve enters the hand accompanied by the ____ ___ OUTSIDE THE carpal canal and through _____ ____.
ulnar artery; Gunyon’s canal
Lateral to the pisiform bone, the ulnar nerve divides into what 2 terminal branches?
superficial branch of the ulnar nerve
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve courses ____ to the palmaris brevis muscle.
deep
How many muscles does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?
1
Where does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply cutaneous innervation?
medial 1.5 digits anteriorly
How many muscles OF THE HAND does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
14.5
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses between ______.
2 hypothenar muscles
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses around the hook of the hamate to pass ____ across the palm, just anterior to the ___ muscles.
laterally; interossei
The radial nerve is the continuation of the _____ ____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the ____ ____ is given off.
posterior cord; axillary nerve
The radial nerve courses from _____ to _____ in the radial groove of the humerus which is located in the _____ compartment of the arm.
medial to lateral; posterior
What does the radial nerve course with?
the profunda bachii artery
What does the radial nerve innervate in the ARM? (1)
triceps brachii
The radial nerve pierces the ______ ______ septum as it passes from the ______ to the ____ compartment of the forearm.
lateral intermuscular; posterior; anterior
The nerve passes through the _____ side of the ____ ____.
lateral; cubital fossa
What are the muscles innervated by the radial nerve in the FOREARM (3)?
Brachioradialis
extensor capi radiali longus
anconeus
Between the ____ and _____ muscles the radial nerve divides into 2 terminal branches.
bracialis; brachioradialis
What are the 2 terminal branches of the radial nerve?
superficial branch of the radial nerve
deep branch of the radial nerve
The superficial branch of the radial nerve courses distally with the _____ artery and deep the the _____ muscle.
radial; brachioradialis muscle
In the wrist the superficial branch of the radial nerve enters the hand to provide cutaneous innervation to the ____ of the dorsum of the hand and the proximal portion of the lateral _____ posteriorly.
lateral half; 3.5 digits
What is the muscular innervation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?
NONE
What does the deep branch of the radial artery innervate? (1)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
As the deep branch of the radial nerve enters the superior border of the supinator muscle it changes its name to what?
Posterior Interosseous nerve (PIN)
What muscles does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate in the FOREARM? (8)
extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris supinator aBductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis
The PIN DOES/DOES NOT enter the hand.
DOES NOT
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
The right subclavian artery is a branch of _____.
the brachiocephalic trunk
The left subclavian artery is a branch of _____.
the aortic arch
What are the branches of the subclavian artery? (4)
Vertebral artery
Internal mammary artery (internal thoracic artery)
Thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
At the _____ border of the 1st rib, the subclavian artery terminates and becomes the ______ artery.
lateral; axillary
The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by what?
The pectorals minor muscle
The 1st part of the axillary artery is between what?
The lateral border of the 1st rib and the superomedial border of the pectorals minor muscle
The 2nd part of the axillary artery is POSTERIOR to what?
the pectorals minor muscle
The 3rd part of the axillary artery is BETWEEN what?
the inferolateral border of the pectorals minor muscle and the inferior border of the trees major muscle.
The axillary artery terminates at the _____ border of the teres major muscle by continuing as the ______ artery.
inferior; brachial artery
How many branches does the axillary artery have?
6
What is the branch of the 1st part of the axillary artery?
Highest (supreme) thoracic artery
What are the 2 branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
Thoracoacromial trunk (ABOVE the pectorals minor muscle) and the Lateral thoracic artery.
What are the 4 branches of thoracoacromial trunk?
clavicular branch
pectoral branch
acrominal branch
deltoid branch
The lateral thoracic artery courses along the ____ _____ of the pectorals minor muscle to the lateral thoracic wall with the ______ _____ nerve.
inferolateral border; long thoracic nerve
What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?
the lateral thoracic wall and the breast
What are the branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery? (3)
subscapular artery
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery
The brachial artery is a continuation of the ______ artery distal to the _____ border of the trees major muscle.
axillary; inferior
The brachial artery descends through the medial compartment of the arm with the _____ and _____ nerves.
median; ulnar
What are the branches of the brachial artery in the ARM?
Profunda brachii artery
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
Posterior to the humerus the profunda brachii artery courses with what?
the radial nerve
What do the profunda brachii artery, superior ulnar collateral artery and the inferior ulnar collateral artery supply?
muscles in the arm and provide collateral circulation to the elbow region.
After giving off its branches the brachial artery courses distally through the arm and enters the _____ ______ where it lies _____ to the median nerve and _____ to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.
cubital fossa; lateral; medial
Within the cubital fossa what are the 2 terminal branches of the brachial artery?
radial artery and ulnar artery
The radial artery courses distally in the forearm with the ____ _____ of the radial nerve, deep to the ______ muscle.
superficial branch; brachioradialis
The radial artery passes through the _____ _____ and enters the _____ of the hand.
anatomical snuffbox; dorsum
The radial artery terminates by forming what?
The deep palmar arch
IF the deep palmar arch is completed MEDIALLY, what branch is it completed by?
a branch of the ulnar artery
What does the deep palmar arch give off?
metacarpal arteries
The metacarpal arteries of the deep palmar arch join the metacarpal arteries of the superficial palmar arch to form what?
Digital arteries on the medial and lateral sides of each digit.
In the proximal forearm what does the ulnar artery give off?
The common interosseous artery
After giving off the common interosseous artery, the ulnar artery courses _____ to the arch of the _____ ____ ____ muscle with the _____ nerve.
deep; flexor digitorum superficials; median
In the distal half of the forearm, the ulnar artery courses with the _____ nerve, between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles
ulnar
What forms when the ulnar artery terminates after going through Gunyon’s canal?
the superficial palmar arch
The superficial palmar arch gives off what?
metacarpal arteries
The common interosseous artery arises from the _____ artery in the _____ forearm.
ulnar; proximal
What are the 2 terminal branches of the common interosseous artery?
anterior interosseous artery
posterior interosseous artery
