Chapter 50 Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid respirations is seen with fevers metabolic acidosis pain and hypoxemia

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2
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate which can be seen in pt who have taken drugs such morphine or sedatives who have metabolic alkalosis who have increased intracranial pressure

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3
Q

Apnea

A

The absence of any breathing

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4
Q

Orthopnea

A

Inability to breath easily unless sitting upright or standing

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5
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing or the feeling of being short of breath SOB

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6
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Reduced oxygen levels in the blood may be caused by conditions that impair diffusion at the alveolar capillary level such as pulmonary edema

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7
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body results potentially causing cellular injury or death

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8
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin nail beds and mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin oxygen saturation

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9
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

The first process of the respiratory system ventilation of the lungs

  1. Clear airways
  2. An intact central nervous system and respiratory center
  3. An intact thoracic cavity capable of expanding and contracting
  4. Adequate pulmonary compliance and recoil
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10
Q

Intrapleural Pressure

A

Pressure in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs is always slightly negative in relation to atmosphere pressure

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11
Q

Intrapulmonary Pressure

A

Pressure within the lungs always equalize with atmospheric pressure

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12
Q

Eupnea

A

Quiet rhythmic n effortless

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13
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds

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14
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed alveoli

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15
Q

Biot’s cluster respiration

A

Shallow breaths interrupted by apnea

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16
Q

Cheyenne Stokes Respirations

A

Marked rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very shallow to very deep with short periods of apnea

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of gases from an area of greater pressure of concentration to an area of lower pressure or concentration

18
Q

Emphysema

A

Oxygen concentrations play a major role in regulating respiration decreased oxygen concentrations are the main stimuli for rectors because the increased carbon dioxide levels desensitize the central chemoreceptors

19
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

20
Q

Expectoration

A

Spit out

21
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of blood that is erythrocytes

22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen carrying blood cells is a major component of RBCS the predominant cell present in blood

23
Q

Hemothorax

A

Accumulation of blood in the pleural space

24
Q

Humidifiers

A

Devices that add water vapor to inspired air

25
Q

Hypercapnea

A

Increased levels of co2

26
Q

Hyperinflation

A

Involves giving client breaths of greater volume than set on ventilator or via manual resuscitation bag

27
Q

Moves blood from the heart to the tissues maintain a constant flow to the capillary beds despite the intermittent pumping of the heat

A

Arterial Circulation

28
Q

Force exerted on arterial walls by the blood flowing within the vessel

A

Blood pressure

29
Q

Factors affecting cardiovascular function

A

Non- modifiable risk factors
Heredity , age , gender
Modifiable risk factors
Elevated serum lipid levels, HTN, smoking, diabetes and lifestyles

30
Q

Cardiovascular function can be altered by conditions that affect

A

The function of the heart as a pump
Blood flow to organs n peripheral tissues
The composition of the blood and its ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

31
Q

Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle may become occluded by atherosclerosis or a blood clot shutting off the blood supply to a portion

A

Myocardial Infraction or Heart Attack

32
Q

The heart is unable to keep up with the body’s need for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

A

Heart failure

33
Q

Signs of impaired peripheral arterial circulation in the legs and feet

A

Decreased peripheral pulses
Pain
Cool extremities
Decreased hair distribution

34
Q

What are the impaired venous circulation

A
Pooling of blood in the veins 
Edema 
Decrease venous return to the heart 
Veins become inflamed reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of thrombus clot 
Pulmonary embolism
35
Q

Anemia signs and symptoms

A

Chronic fatigue
Pallor
Shortness of breath
Hypotension

36
Q

Lack of blood supply due to obstructed circulation

A

Ischemia

37
Q

The buildup of fatty plaques within the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

38
Q

Primary peace marker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial SA or sinus node

39
Q

Cardiac muscle cells that form the bulk of the heart

A

Myocardium

40
Q

Mucus clearing device

A

Is used for clients with excessive secretions such as cystic fibrosis,copd.
Movement causes vibrations that loosen mucus from the airways

41
Q

Postural drainage

A

The drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments.

  • these secretions can cause bacterial growth and infection
  • obstruct smaller airways and can cause atelectasis