Chapter 50 Oxygenation

Question 1

Tachypnea

Answer 1

Rapid respirations is seen with fevers metabolic acidosis pain and hypoxemia

Question 2

Bradypnea

Answer 2

Abnormally slow respiratory rate which can be seen in pt who have taken drugs such morphine or sedatives who have metabolic alkalosis who have increased intracranial pressure

Question 3

Apnea

Answer 3

The absence of any breathing

Question 4

Orthopnea

Answer 4

Inability to breath easily unless sitting upright or standing

Question 5

Dyspnea

Answer 5

Difficulty breathing or the feeling of being short of breath SOB

Question 6

Hypoxemia

Answer 6

Reduced oxygen levels in the blood may be caused by conditions that impair diffusion at the alveolar capillary level such as pulmonary edema

Question 7

Hypoxia

Answer 7

Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body results potentially causing cellular injury or death

Question 8

Cyanosis

Answer 8

Bluish discoloration of the skin nail beds and mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin oxygen saturation

Question 9

Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 9

The first process of the respiratory system ventilation of the lungs

1. Clear airways
2. An intact central nervous system and respiratory center
3. An intact thoracic cavity capable of expanding and contracting
4. Adequate pulmonary compliance and recoil

Question 10

Intrapleural Pressure

Answer 10

Pressure in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs is always slightly negative in relation to atmosphere pressure

Question 11

Intrapulmonary Pressure

Answer 11

Pressure within the lungs always equalize with atmospheric pressure

Question 12

Eupnea

Answer 12

Quiet rhythmic n effortless

Question 13

Adventitious breath sounds

Answer 13

Abnormal breath sounds

Question 14

Atelectasis

Answer 14

Collapsed alveoli

Question 15

Biot’s cluster respiration

Answer 15

Shallow breaths interrupted by apnea

Question 16

Cheyenne Stokes Respirations

Answer 16

Marked rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very shallow to very deep with short periods of apnea

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

Movement of gases from an area of greater pressure of concentration to an area of lower pressure or concentration

Question 18

Emphysema

Answer 18

Oxygen concentrations play a major role in regulating respiration decreased oxygen concentrations are the main stimuli for rectors because the increased carbon dioxide levels desensitize the central chemoreceptors

Question 19

Erythrocytes

Answer 19

Red blood cells

Question 20

Expectoration

Answer 20

Spit out

Question 21

Hematocrit

Answer 21

The percentage of blood that is erythrocytes

Question 22

Hemoglobin

Answer 22

Oxygen carrying blood cells is a major component of RBCS the predominant cell present in blood

Question 23

Hemothorax

Answer 23

Accumulation of blood in the pleural space

Question 24

Humidifiers

Answer 24

Devices that add water vapor to inspired air

Question 25

Hypercapnea

Answer 25

Increased levels of co2

Question 26

Hyperinflation

Answer 26

Involves giving client breaths of greater volume than set on ventilator or via manual resuscitation bag

Question 27

Moves blood from the heart to the tissues maintain a constant flow to the capillary beds despite the intermittent pumping of the heat

Answer 27

Arterial Circulation

Question 28

Force exerted on arterial walls by the blood flowing within the vessel

Answer 28

Blood pressure

Question 29

Factors affecting cardiovascular function

Answer 29

Non- modifiable risk factors Heredity , age , gender Modifiable risk factors Elevated serum lipid levels, HTN, smoking, diabetes and lifestyles

Question 30

Cardiovascular function can be altered by conditions that affect

Answer 30

The function of the heart as a pump Blood flow to organs n peripheral tissues The composition of the blood and its ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 31

Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle may become occluded by atherosclerosis or a blood clot shutting off the blood supply to a portion

Answer 31

Myocardial Infraction or Heart Attack

Question 32

The heart is unable to keep up with the body's need for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

Answer 32

Heart failure

Question 33

Signs of impaired peripheral arterial circulation in the legs and feet

Answer 33

Decreased peripheral pulses Pain Cool extremities Decreased hair distribution

Question 34

What are the impaired venous circulation

Answer 34

``` Pooling of blood in the veins Edema Decrease venous return to the heart Veins become inflamed reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of thrombus clot Pulmonary embolism ```

Question 35

Anemia signs and symptoms

Answer 35

Chronic fatigue Pallor Shortness of breath Hypotension

Question 36

Lack of blood supply due to obstructed circulation

Answer 36

Ischemia

Question 37

The buildup of fatty plaques within the arteries

Answer 37

Atherosclerosis

Question 38

Primary peace marker of the heart

Answer 38

Sinoatrial SA or sinus node

Question 39

Cardiac muscle cells that form the bulk of the heart

Answer 39

Myocardium

Question 40

Mucus clearing device

Answer 40

Is used for clients with excessive secretions such as cystic fibrosis,copd. Movement causes vibrations that loosen mucus from the airways

Question 41

Postural drainage

Answer 41

The drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments. - these secretions can cause bacterial growth and infection - obstruct smaller airways and can cause atelectasis