Chapter 5- Volume 1

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

A systemic investigation, including development of the research design, testing, and evaluation, intended to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.

Question 2

Outcomes based research

Answer 2

Research designed to understand the end results of particular health care practices and interventions.

Question 3

Mortality

Answer 3

The number of deaths in a given period.

Question 4

Morbidity

Answer 4

The rate or incidence of a disease

Question 5

Quality of life

Answer 5

The general well-being of individuals and society.

Question 6

National EMS research agenda

Answer 6

Document describing the history and current status of EMS research and proposing a strategy to guide the research component of EMS into the future; commission by the national Highway traffic safety administration and the maternal and Child health bureau of the United States government; published in 2001

Question 7

What are the National EMS research agenda recommendations

Answer 7

Develop a cadre of EMS researchers and support them early in their careers

Facilitate collaboration between EMS researchers and those from other disciplines (social scientist, economists, epidemiologists, and others)

Establish a reliable funding stream for EMS research within government

Establish an alternate funding source for EMS research outside of government

Recognize the need for EMS research

View research as necessary for the improvement of patient care

Enhance ethical approaches to research

Question 8

Science

Answer 8

The systemic study of nature and behavior of the material and physical universe, based on observation, experiment, and measurement, and the formulation of laws to describe these facts in general terms

Question 9

Scientific method

Answer 9

A method of investigation in which a problem is first identified and observations, experiments, or other relative data or than used to construct or test hypotheses that support it

Question 10

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 10

Observe and ask questions

Collect, analyze, and synthesize data

Construct a hypothesis

Test the hypothesis by experimentation

Analyze results and draw conclusions

Revise the hypothesis

Report results

Question 11

PubMed

Answer 11

Computerized database operated by the national library‘s of medicine that allow one to search many of the world’s science resources

Question 12

Hypothesis

Answer 12

Testable statement that indicates what the researcher expect to find, based on theory and knowledge of the literature.

Question 13

Experiments must….?

Answer 13

Must be a fair test and must be reproducible (someone else could conduct the same test in the same way).

Question 14

Iterative process

Answer 14

Process for calculating a desired result by means of a repeated cycle of operations that comes closer and closer to the desired result

Question 15

Quantitive research

Answer 15

A study type that quantifies relationships between variables, using numeric terms

Question 16

Qualitative research

Answer 16

Research in which the researcher explores relationships using textual, rather than quantitive, data. Case study, observation, and ethnography are forms of qualitative research

Question 17

Mixed research

Answer 17

A research design that contains both quantitative and qualitative properties

Question 18

Independent variable

Answer 18

Presumed cause of the dependent variable

Question 19

Dependent variable

Answer 19

Variable assessed by the experimenter to determine whether there is a difference in it that is due to the independent variable

Question 20

Retrospective study

Answer 20

Research conducted by reviewing records

Question 21

Prospective study

Answer 21

Study designed to observe outcomes or events that will occur subsequent to the identification of the group of subjects to be studied

Question 22

Bias

Answer 22

Potential unintended or unavoidable effect on study outcomes