Chapter 5: vCenter Server Features and Virtual Machines Flashcards
Describe a vSphere Inventory.
A collection of managed virtual and physical objects.
All inventory objects can be renamed to represent their purposes with the exception of ____?
Hosts.
Describe a data center in regards to the vSphere Inventory.
A container object that is an aggregation of all the different types of objects used to work in virtual infrastructure.
What hierarchies can be configured in a datacenter?
There are four separate hierarchies within each data center:
- Virtual Machines & Templates
- Hosts & Clusters
- Networks
- Datastores
Datastore object names must be unique within the same ____.
Datacenter. Datastore objects in different datacenters can have the same name.
What term best describes the following?
“Container objects that are used to compartmentalize the CPU and memory resources of a host or cluster”
Resource Pools.
What agent on a host is responsible for maintaining communication with vCenter Server?
The vpxa agent.
What will occur if the SSL certificate used by vCenter Server is replaced or changed?
vCenter Server will be unable to decrypt host passwords. To resolve this, you need to reconnect the certificate and resupply the host credentials.
To remove a host from the vSphere inventory, you must first enter _____ _____?
Maintenance Mode.
What term best describes the following?
“Objects that represent physical storage resources in the data center”
Datastore objects.
Describe a template in regards to the vSphere Inventory.
A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that can used to create and provision new virtual machines.
What term best describes the following?
“A container object in vSphere that provides a format for packaging an managing applications.”
A vApp. Typically consisting of a set of VMs that runs a single application.
What term best describes the following?
“A feature that enables you to encapsulate the configuration of one host and apply it to other hosts.”
Host Profiles.
Describe the workflow for leveraging a host profile.
Step 1) Configure a reference host
Step 2) Create a host profile from the reference host
Step 3) Attach hosts or clusters to the host profile
Step 4) Check compliance of hosts with the host profile
Step 5) Remediate the hosts if non compliant
What term best describes the following?
“A repository that can be used to share files such as virtual machine templates, vApps, and image files.
A Content Library.
What are the 3 types of content libraries?
Local, published, and subscribed.
Describe the difference between a published and subscribed content library.
A published content library is a local library where content is published for subscription. A subscribed library is a library whose content cannot be changed; it receives its content from a published library.
What type of storage entities can support a content library?
A content library can be configured on VMFS, NFS, CIFS, vSAN, and local disk datastores.
What is the maximum amount of libraries that can be supported by a single vCenter instance?
1000.
What is the maximum amount of items that can exist within a single content library?
1000 items.
How many concurrent synchronization operations are allowed per published library?
Up to 16.
How many virtual disk files are supported per OVA/OVF template?
Up to 9.
How often does a subscribed library synchronize with its published library?
Every 24 hours by default.
What protocol is used with the library service to connect to a library and check for updates?
VMware Content Subscription Protocol (VCSP).
What option can be enabled with a subscribed content library to reduce synchronization time?
The Optimized HTTP Sync option, which stores content in a compressed format.
Describe the function of using vSphere with Tanzu.
To use a vSphere cluster as a platform for running Kubernetes workloads in dedicated resource pools.
What term best describes the following?
“A small virtual machine that runs one or more Linux containers.”
A vSphere pod (equivalent to a Kubernetes Pod).
What license(s) must be used to support vSphere with Tanzu?
vSphere 7 Enterprise Plus with an addon for Kubernetes.
What file in a virtual machine contains all of the virtual machine’s settings?
The Configuration file: vmname.vmx
What file in a virtual machine contains the virtual machine’s disk characteristics?
The Virtual Disk File (VMDK): vmname.vmdk
What file in a virtual machine settings contains the virtual machine’s snapshot data?
Snapshot File: vmname.vmsd
Snapshot Data File: vmname.vmsn
Each branch in a snapshot tree can have up to ____ snapshots?
Up to 32.
What information is preserved by a VM snapshot?
A snapshot preserves the following information:
- VM settings
- Disk state
- Memory state (optional)
- Power state (powered on, off, suspended, etc…)
What kind of file(s) are created for each disk attached to a VM when a snapshot is taken?
A delta disk file, and optionally, a memory file which are stored with the base VMDK file.
What occurs with writing operations to a VM when a snapshot is taken?
The system prevents the virtual machine from writing to the current data (VMDK) file and directs all writes to the delta disk.
Describe the difference between a metadata and data (flat) VMDK file.
Metadata VMDK: stores information about the virtual disk
Data (flat) VMDK: where the VM’s guest OS and applications write to.
What two types of delta disk files are created when you take a snapshot?
A small metadata file and a data file.
What file has the .vmsd extension and contains details on the relationships between snapshots and child tasks?
The Database File.
What file has the .vmsn extension and contains the active states of the VM’s memory?
The Memory File.
What setting determines which ESXi host versions the VM can run on and the hardware features available to the VM?
The VM Hardware/Compatibility setting.
What version of ESXi is required to migrate VMs with disks larger than 2 TB?
ESXi version 6.0 or later.
What type of virtual machine migrations are supported by vSphere?
Cold Migrations
Hot Migrations
Cross-Host Migrations
Cross-Datastore Migrations
Cross-vCenter Server Migrations
What version of ESXi and vCenter is required to support a cross-vCenter migration?
At least 6.0 or later.
What kind of limit only applies to vMotion migrations?
Network limits.
Each vMotion migration has a network resource cost of?
One.
What is the network limit allowed for vMotion migrations on 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps NICs?
1 Gbps: limit of 4
10 Gbps: limit of 8
What kind of migrations do Datastore limits apply to?
vMotion and Storage vMotion migrations.
Each vMotion migration has a datastore resource cost of?
One.
Each storage vMotion migration has a network resource cost of?
16.
What is the datastore limit allowed for vMotion migrations per datastore?
128.
What kind of migrations do Host limits apply to?
vMotion, Storage vMotion, and Cold Migrations.
What are the host costs for the following?
- Provisioning & vMotion operations
- Storage vMotion operations?
Provisioning & vMotion operations: 1
Storage vMotion Operations: 4
What is the host limit per host?
8.
vMotion migration without shared storage is equivalent to ______?
Storage vMotion migration with a network cost of 1.
What can be configured on an ESXi host to isolate vMotion traffic and assign it to a dedicated default gateway, routing table, and DNS configuration?
A vMotion TCP/IP stack.
How much dedicated bandwidth is required per concurrent vMotion session?
250 Mbps.
What is the maximum supported round-trip-time for a long-distance vMotion migration?
150 milliseconds.
What is the stun time for a vMotion migration?
Between 100ms and 200ms.
Describe the dataflow for a vMotion migration.
1) Compatibility Check
2) Pre-copy
3) Iterations of pre-copy
4) Switchover
Describe the 3 options for encrypted vMotion migrations.
Disabled: no encryption
Opportunistic: use encryption if source and destination hosts support encryption
Required: migration is only allowed if the source and destination hosts support encryption.
During a hot clone of a virtual machine, how does vCenter avoid disrupting the execution of the source VM?
By taking a snapshot prior to the clone and removing it at the end of the operation.
What term best describes the following?
“A VM that is cloned in such a manner that it shares its virtual disk files with the original virtual machine (parent)”
A linked clone.
