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VMware VCP-DCV (Exam 2V0-21.20) > Chapter 4: Clusters and High Availability > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Clusters and High Availability Flashcards

1
Q

What vSphere feature best describes the following?

“A service used to ensure that migrations with vMotion do not fail due to CPU compatibility errors.”

A

VMware Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC).

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2
Q

What 3 cards are available in the Quickstart workflow in the vSphere client?

A

The Quickstart page provides 3 cards:
- Cluster Basics
- Add Hosts
- Configure Cluster

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3
Q

How does EVC improve compatibility between ESXi hosts for vMotions?

A

EVC ensures that all hosts in the cluster present the same CPU feature set to virtual machines even if their physical CPUs differ.

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4
Q

What technologies does EVC use for AMD and Intel-based hosts?

A

AMD-V Extended Migration for AMD and Intel FlexMigration for Intel hosts.

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5
Q

Newer versions of vSphere run DRS every ____ minute(s).

A

Minute, as opposed to every 5 minutes in older versions of vSphere.

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6
Q

Newer versions of vSphere prefer to automatically migrate _____ sized virtual machines.

A

Smaller.

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7
Q

Describe the function of Network-Aware DRS.

A

With Network-Aware DRS, the utilization of host network adapters is considered during placement and load balancing.

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8
Q

What is the threshold used by DRS for network saturation by default?

A

80%.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the Consumed Memory metric in regards to DRS?

A

To balance VMs based on how much memory they are consuming.

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10
Q

Starting with vSphere 6.5, which types of objects are prioritized for DRS migrations?

A

VM templates and powered-off VMs.

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11
Q

Starting in vSphere 6.7, how is DRS more efficient in evacuating virtual machines?

A

By migrating VMs in batches of 8 rather than migrating all virtual machines simultaneously.

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12
Q

How can NVM devices be used by VMs?

A

There are 2 options for NVM devices:
- Virtual Persistent Memory (vPMem)
- Virtual Persistent Memory Disk (vPMemDisk)

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13
Q

Describe the difference between a vPMem and a vPMemDisk.

A

A vPMem datastore appears as an NVM device exposed to the VM’s guest OS. Whereas the vPMemDisk uses the datastore as a location for the virtual machine disk.

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14
Q

Starting in vSphere 7.0, how does DRS balance the workload of a VM across the cluster?

A

Based on virtual machine happiness (DRS score).

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15
Q

What term best describes the following?

“A measure of the resources available for consumption by a virtual machine”

A

A DRS Score.

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16
Q

The higher the DRS score for a VM, the better its ________.

A

Resource availability. DRS moves VMs to improve their DRS scores.

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17
Q

In regards to DRS, how is a VM’s efficiency for a particular resource calculated?

A

The VM’s efficiency is a ratio of goodness (actual throughput) over the demand (ideal throughput).

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18
Q

Describe the difference between a VM-host affinity rule versus a VM-VM affinity rule.

A

VM-Host affinity: a relationship between a group of VMs and a group of hosts.

VM-VM affinity: a relationship between virtual machines on a single host.

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19
Q

Describe the components of a VM-host affinity rule.

A

A VM-host affinity rule includes the following components:
- One VM DRS group
- One host DRS group
- A designation for a requirement/preference
- A designation for affinity/anti-affinity

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20
Q

If two VM-VM affinity rules are in conflict with one another, which rule takes precedence?

A

The older rule is preferred and the newer rule is disabled.

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21
Q

Which type of affinity rule is given higher precedence in regards to preventing violations?

A

DRS prefers to prevent violations of anti-affinity rules than violations of affinity rules.

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22
Q

Describe level 1 in regards to DRS migration sensitivity.

A

DRS only makes recommendations to fix rule violations or to enter hosts into maintenance mode.

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23
Q

Describe level 2 in regards to DRS migration sensitivity.

A

DRS makes recommendations in situations that are at or close to resource contention.

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24
Q

Describe level 3 in regards to DRS migration sensitivity.

A

DRS makes recommendations to improve VM happiness and cluster load distribution.

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25
Q

Describe level 4 in regards to DRS migration sensitivity.

A

DRS makes recommendations for occasional bursts in the workload and reacts to sudden load changes.

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26
Q

Describe level 5 in regards to DRS migration sensitivity.

A

DRS makes recommendations dynamic and greatly varying workloads. DRS reacts to the workload changes every time.

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27
Q

What is the default level for DRS migration sensitivity?

A

Level 3.

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28
Q

What term best describes the following?

“Container objects in the vSphere inventory that are used to compartmentalize the CPU and memory resources of a host, cluster or parent resource pool”

A

Resource Pools.

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29
Q

How can resource pools be used with DRS?

A

To compartmentalize a cluster’s resources and then use the resource pools to delegate control to individuals or organizations.

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30
Q

What DRS component specifies the relative important of a VM or resource pool?

A

Shares.

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31
Q

Describe how resource allocation to VMs works with DRS shares?

A

VMs with higher resource shares are entitled to consume a higher amount of resources. For example, a VM with twice as many shares as another VM is entitled to twice as many resources.

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32
Q

What values are available to be configured for Shares?

A

High, Normal, Low by default. Another option called custom allows you to assign a specific number of shares.

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33
Q

What ratio is used with High, Normal, and Low share values?

A

4:2:1

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34
Q

What DRS component specifies the guaranteed minimum allocation for a VM or resource pool?

A

Reservations.

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35
Q

What occurs with DRS if a VM is configured with a specific reservation, but the host is not able to guarantee its resources?

A

DRS will not allow you to start the additional VM in the resource pool.

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36
Q

What is the default value for a reservation on a resource pool’s CPU and memory?

A

Zero.

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37
Q

What DRS component allows a child resource pool to borrow from it’s parent?

A

Expandable reservations.

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38
Q

What DRS component specifies an upper bound for CPU or memory resources that can be allocated to a VM or resource pool?

A

Limits.

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39
Q

What is the default value for DRS limits?

A

Unlimited.

40
Q

What are the CPU share values for the High, Normal, and Low settings?

A

High: 2000 per vCPU
Normal: 1000 per vCPU
Low: 500 per vCPU

41
Q

What are the memory share values for the High, Normal, and Low settings?

A

High: 20 per MB
Normal: 10 per MB
Low: 5 per MB

42
Q

Describe the two-pass algorithm in regards to enhanced resource pool reservations.

A

Pass One: the resource pool’s reservation is allocated based on VM demand.

Pass Two: Excess pool reservation is allocated proportionally.

43
Q

Describe how scalable shares differ from regular DRS shares?

A

Scalable Shares: the number of objects in the pool to determine how many resources are allocated to it.

Regular Shares: resources allocated based on the configured share ratio.

44
Q

What types of host issues can vSphere HA detect?

A

There are 3 host issues:
- Failure: host stops functioning
- Isolation: A host cannot communicate with any other hosts in the cluster
- Partition: a host loses network connectivity with the primary host

45
Q

Which type of host in an vSphere HA cluster communicates with vCenter to monitor/report health for the cluster and it’s virtual machines?

A

The primary host.

46
Q

What occurs within a partition if a network partition error is detected?

A

A new primary host is elected for each partition.

47
Q

What is the minimum host requirements to implement vSphere HA?

A

At least 2 host are required; with the necessary licenses to support HA.

48
Q

How many management networks are recommended and required to support HA?

A

At least 1 management network is required, but 2 are recommended.

49
Q

What service needs to be install/enabled to allows for VM monitoring?

A

VMware tools must be installed in each virtual machine.

50
Q

What types of host failure responses are supported in vSphere HA?

A

The following host responses are supported:
- Failure Response: whether or not the cluster responds to host failures
- Default VM Restart Policy: The order in which VMs are powered on
- VM Restart Priority Condition: A specific condition that must be met to restart the next priority group

51
Q

What vSphere HA Response to Failure setting describes the following?

“The action that occurs if a host becomes isolated”

A

Response for Host Isolation.

52
Q

What options are available for the vSphere HA Response for Host Isolation setting?

A

The following parameters can be configured:
- Disabled
- Shutdown & Restart VMs
- Power Off & Restart VMs

53
Q

What vSphere HA Response to Failure setting describes the following?

“A setting where you can indicate the sensitivity with which vSphere HA responds to lost VMware Tools heartbeats”

A

VM Monitoring

54
Q

What options are available for the vSphere HA VM Monitoring setting?

A

Sensitivity can be configured to:
- Low
- High
- Custom

55
Q

What vSphere HA Response to Failure setting describes the following?

“A setting where you can indicate the sensitivity with which vSphere HA responds to lost application heartbeats”

A

Application Monitoring.

56
Q

How often do the primary and secondary hosts in a vSphere HA cluster exchange heartbeats?

A

Every second.

57
Q

What state does a secondary host get put in if datastore heartbeats are detected, but not pings or network heartbeats?

A

Isolated or Partitioned.

58
Q

When does a host put itself into an isolated state?

A

When a host is running, but cannot ping the cluster isolation addresses.

59
Q

Describe the function of vSphere HA Admission Control.

A

Used when a VM is powered up to check if its host can provide any configured resource reservations for the VM.

60
Q

What HA Admission Control option describes the following?

“Specifies the maximum number of host failures for which the cluster guarantees failover”

A

Host Failures Cluster Tolerates.

61
Q

In regards to HA Admission Control, what options are available for the Define Host Failover Capacity setting?

A

There are 4 settings available:
- Cluster Resource Percentage
- Slot Policy
- Dedicated Failover Hosts
- Disabled

62
Q

What HA Admission Control option describes the following?

“Specifies the percentage of performance degradation the VMs in a cluster are allowed to tolerate during a failure”

A

Performance Degradation VMs Tolerate.

63
Q

What is the default HA Admission Control Policy setting?

A

Cluster Resource Percentage.

64
Q

What is the default slot size in an HA cluster set to?

A

The VM with the largest CPU and memory reservations.

65
Q

If a guest OS fails to shut down in ____ seconds, the VM is powered off.

A

300 seconds.

66
Q

Describe the function of Virtual Machine Component Protection (VMCP).

A

To detect datastore accessibility issues and provide remediation for affected virtual machines.

67
Q

What minimum version of ESXi is required to enable VMCP?

A

At least 6.0 or later.

68
Q

What types of failures are detected by VM Component Protection?

A

Permanent Device Loss (PDL) & All Paths Down (APD).

69
Q

Describe the difference between a PDL & APD.

A

A PDL describes an unrecoverable loss of accessibility to storage device that cannot be fixed without powering off the VMs.

An APD describes a transient accessibility loss or issue that is recoverable.

70
Q

Describe the difference between a conservative and aggressive policy for APD failures?

A

Conservative powers off VMs only if HA determines it can be restarted on another host. Aggressive powers off the VMs regardless of the state of the other hosts.

71
Q

What is the failure interval and reset period for a VM Monitoring setting configured to High?

A

A failure interval of 30 seconds and a reset period of 1 hour.

72
Q

What is the failure interval and reset period for a VM Monitoring setting configured to Medium?

A

A failure interval of 60 seconds and a reset period of 24 hours.

73
Q

What is the failure interval and reset period for a VM Monitoring setting configured to Low?

A

A failure interval of 120 seconds and a reset period of 7 days.

74
Q

When should host monitoring be suspended?

A

When performing disruptive network maintenance operations to prevent HA does not falsely detect network isolation or host failures.

75
Q

Describe the function of Proactive HA.

A

Used with select hardware partners to detect degraded components and evacuate VMs from affected vSphere hosts.

76
Q

Describe the difference between maintenance mode and quarantine mode in regards to Proactive HA.

A

With maintenance mode, DRS automatically evacuates VMs running on the host to other (healthy) hosts. The unhealthy host cannot run virtual machines.

With quarantine mode, DRS leaves the current VMs running on the host but does not place or migrate other VMs to the host.

77
Q

What are the 4 health states supported by Proactive HA?

A

The health states are as follows:
- Healthy
- Moderate Degradation
- Severe Degradation
- Unknown

78
Q

Describe Predictive DRS.

A

A feature in vSphere 6.5 and later that leverages vRealize Operations & vSphere DRS.

79
Q

What power management protocols are required to utilize DPM?

A

One of 3 protocols is required:
- Intel Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
- HP iLO
- Wake-on-LAN (WoL)

80
Q

What automation options are available in DPM?

A

Off, manual, and automatic.

81
Q

What minimum version of vCenter Server is required to run Predictive DRS?

A

vCenter Server version 6.5 or later.

82
Q

What minimum version of ESXi is required when using WoL with DPM?

A

ESXi version 3.5 or later.

83
Q

What are the vMotion requirements to use DPM?

A

vMotion must be configured and the vMotion NIC must support WoL.

84
Q

What is required on the physical network switch to support DPM?

A

The physical switch port must be configured to automatically negotiate the link speed.

85
Q

Describe the different automation levels for DPM.

A

Off: DPM is not enabled on the host
Manual: DPM makes recommendations
Automated: DPM automatically powers off/on hosts.

86
Q

In regards to Fault Tolerance (FT), if a primary VM stops working and fails over to the secondary, what happens to reestablish VM redundancy?

A

Following the failover, a new secondary VM is spawned to reestablish redundancy and protection.

87
Q

What kind of VMs are supported with Fault Tolerance?

A

Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) VMs with support up to 8 vCPUs.

88
Q

What CPU requirements must be met before implementing FT?

A

Physical host CPUs must be vMotion and compatible and support MMU.

89
Q

What type of network is required to support FT logging?

A

A 10 Gbps low-latency network.

90
Q

Describe the vSphere licensing requirements to support FT protection of VMs.

A

You can use a vSphere Standard or Enterprise Plus license to support FT:
- Standard: VMs with up to 2 vCPUs
- Enterprise Plus: VMs with up to 8 vCPUs

91
Q

What minimum version of ESXi is required to support FT?

A

ESXi version 6.X or later.

92
Q

How many physical NICs are recommended for vSphere FT?

A

2

93
Q

How many hosts are recommended to support vSphere FT?

A

It is recommended to have at least three hosts so a new secondary VM can be elected if a host fails.

94
Q

Which version of ESXi no longer requires EVC to be enabled on a VM to support FT?

A

vSphere 6.7.

95
Q

What VMkernel adapter(s) are recommended to support FT?

A

A VMkernel adapter to support the FT logging network and a VMkernel adapter to support vMotion.

96
Q

Describe the VM status of Protected and Not Protected in regards to vSphere FT.

A

Protected: the primary VM is powered on and its entire state is copied to the secondary VM which is also powered on.

Not Protected: the primary VM is not powered on.

97
Q

Describe the function of the VMware Service Lifecyle Manager.

A

A service running in a vCenter server that monitors the health of services and takes preconfigured remediation action when it detects a failure.

VMware VCP-DCV (Exam 2V0-21.20) (7 decks)

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