chapter 5 Touch and Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

somatosensory receptors in the skin that sense different aspects of touch

A

Pacinian and Meissen corpuscles, Merkel’s disks, and Ruffini endings.

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2
Q

All the somatosensory receptors have ___ that open in response to ____, triggering ____ that can be recorded experimentally by fine electrodes.

A

ion channels; mechanical deformation; action potential

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3
Q

Merkel’s disk responds well to ____.

A

a sustained indentation of the skin (sense pressure)

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4
Q

Ruffini endings respond to _____.

A

slowly changing indentations.

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5
Q

receptive field

A

the area of skin over which each individual receptor responds

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6
Q

___ has much larger receptive fields than___.

A

Pacinian corpuscles; Meissner’s corpuscles

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7
Q

once the receptors detect a stimulus…

A

they, in turn, send impulses along the sensory nerves that enter the dorsal roos of the spinal cord

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8
Q

the axons connecting touch receptors to the spinal cord are___.

A

large myelinated fibres that convey information from the periphery towards the cerebral cortex extremely rapidly.

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9
Q

temperature receptors also show ___.

A

adaption

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10
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

rely stations for touch in the medulla and the thalamus, before projection on to the primary sensory area in the cortex

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11
Q

the nerves cross the midline so that ___.

A

the right side of the body is represented in the left hemisphere and the left in the right

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12
Q

the input from the body is systematically mapped across the somatosensory cortex to form a

A

representation of the body surface

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13
Q

sensory homunculus

A

topographic representation of the sensory distribution of the body found in the cerebral cortex.

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14
Q

you can test this differential sensitivity across the body with the ___.

A

two-point discrimination test

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15
Q

two-point discrimination test

A

Bend some paper clips into a U-shape, some with a blindfold on, get a friend to touch various parts of your body with the tips of the paper clips.

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16
Q

the ability to perceive fine detail varies greatly across different parts of the body and is most highly developed in the tips of the ____.

A

fingers and lips

17
Q

skin is sensitive enough to measure a raised dot that is less than___.

A

1/100th of a millimeter high

18
Q

touch is not just a passive sense that responds, it is also involved in ___.

A

the active control of movement

19
Q

neurons in the motor cortex

A

controlling the muscles in your arm that move your fingers get sensory input from touch receptors in the finger tips

20
Q

active exploration

A

is crucial for the sense of touch

21
Q

brain imaging is also starting to produce insights about___.

A

cortical plasticity by revealing that the map of the body in the somatosensory area can vary with experience

22
Q

the ancient Greeks regarded pain as ___.

A

an emotion not a sensation

23
Q

nociceptors

A

pain receptor, a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain.

24
Q

nociceptors respond to heat ____.

A

above 46 degree celsius

25
Q

two classes of peripgeral afferent fibres respond to noxious stimuli:

A

A fibres and C fibres

26
Q

A fibres

A

relatively fast myelinated fibres

27
Q

C fibres

A

very fine, slow, non-myelinated fibres