Chapter 5: Thermal Energy

Question 1

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object

Answer 1

temperature

Question 2

the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential of all of the particles that make up that object

Answer 2

thermal energy

Question 3

energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between those objects

Answer 3

heat

Question 4

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1 degree celsius

Answer 4

specific heat

Question 5

the transfer of thermal energy bu collisions between the particles that make up matter

Answer 5

conduction

Question 6

the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid

Answer 6

convection

Question 7

the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as light and microwaves

Answer 7

radiation

Question 8

a material through which thermal energy moves slowly

Answer 8

thermal insulator

Question 9

a device that transforms radiant energy from the Sun into thermal energy

Answer 9

solar collector

Question 10

the study of the relationships between thermal energy, heat, and work

Answer 10

thermodynamics

Question 11

states that if the mechanical energy of a system is constant, the increase in thermal energy of that system equals the sum of the thermal energy transfers into that system and the work done on that system.

Answer 11

the first law of thermodynamics

Question 12

a device that converts some thermal energy into mechanical energy

Answer 12

heat engine

Question 13

a heat engine that burns fuel inside a set of cylinders

Answer 13

internal combustion engine

Question 14

states that energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

Answer 14

second law of thermodynamics

Question 15

thermal energy equation

Answer 15

change in thermal energy (J) = mass (kg) * temperature change (celsius) * specific heat (J/kg*C)

Q = m(Tf-Ti)C

Question 16

The atoms and molecules that make up matter are in what kind of motion?

Answer 16

random and continuous

Question 17

three ways to transfer energy:

Answer 17

conduction, convection, and radiation

Question 18

thermal energy can be made useful by:

Answer 18

controlling its transfer and by transforming it into other forms of energy

Question 19

examples of objects that do work to transfer thermal energy from a cooler region to a warmer region

Answer 19

refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps