Chapter 10: Sound Flashcards
a tough membrane about 0.1 mm thick that transmits sound from the outer ear to the middle ear
eardrum
a spiral-shaped structure that is filled with liquid and contains tiny hair cells
cochlea
the amount of energy that passes through a certain area in a specific amount of time
intensity
the human perception of sound volume and primarily depends on sound intensity
loudness
a unit of sound intensity
decibel
how high or low a sound seems to be
pitch
the change in wave frequency due to a wave source moving relative to an observer or an observer moving relative to a wave source
Doppler effect
any collection of sounds that are deliberately used in a regular pattern
music
describes the differences between sounds of the same pitch and loudness
sound quality
a vibration whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency; determines sound quality
overtone
a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates
resonator
the study of sound
acoustics
the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and then interpreting the sound waves that are reflected from those objects
echolocation
a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects
sonar
a sound with frequency about 20,000 Hz; cannot be heard by humans
ultrasound
sound waves are ________ waves that only travel through ______
longitudinal; matter
sound waves are produced by…
vibrating objects
the ________ and ________ of sound waves transfer _______
compressions; rarefactions; energy
sound cannot travel through a…
vacuum
the ear detects sound waves and converts them to…
electrical impulses
the loudness of a sound depends on its ___________, and the pitch of a sound depends on its ______________.
intensity; frequency
tight, dense compressions in a sound wave mean:
higher intensity, loudness, and more energy
sound intensity is measured in…
decibels
pitch is most strongly related to…
frequency
a musical instrument produces combinations of __________ that determine how the instrument sounds
frequencies
what describes the differences between sounds of the same pitch and loudness?
quality of sound
_____ ________ results from specific combinations of fréquences produced in various musical instruments
sound quality
the interference of two waves with different frequencies produces…
beats
sound waves are used to… (describe common uses in everyday life)
locate objects, form images, and treat medical problems
bats locate objects by…
emitting sound and then interpreting their reflected sound waves
humans using ______ can interpret reflected sound to…
sonar; locate objects underwater
high-frequency sound waves are useful for…
detecting and monitoring certain medical conditions
