Chapter 10: Sound

Question 1

a tough membrane about 0.1 mm thick that transmits sound from the outer ear to the middle ear

Answer 1

eardrum

Question 2

a spiral-shaped structure that is filled with liquid and contains tiny hair cells

Answer 2

cochlea

Question 3

the amount of energy that passes through a certain area in a specific amount of time

Answer 3

intensity

Question 4

the human perception of sound volume and primarily depends on sound intensity

Answer 4

loudness

Question 5

a unit of sound intensity

Answer 5

decibel

Question 6

how high or low a sound seems to be

Answer 6

pitch

Question 7

the change in wave frequency due to a wave source moving relative to an observer or an observer moving relative to a wave source

Answer 7

Doppler effect

Question 8

any collection of sounds that are deliberately used in a regular pattern

Answer 8

music

Question 9

describes the differences between sounds of the same pitch and loudness

Answer 9

sound quality

Question 10

a vibration whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency; determines sound quality

Answer 10

overtone

Question 11

a hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound when the air inside of it vibrates

Answer 11

resonator

Question 12

the study of sound

Answer 12

acoustics

Question 13

the process of locating objects by emitting sounds and then interpreting the sound waves that are reflected from those objects

Answer 13

echolocation

Question 14

a system that uses the reflection of underwater sound waves to detect objects

Answer 14

sonar

Question 15

a sound with frequency about 20,000 Hz; cannot be heard by humans

Answer 15

ultrasound

Question 16

sound waves are ________ waves that only travel through ______

Answer 16

longitudinal; matter

Question 17

sound waves are produced by…

Answer 17

vibrating objects

Question 18

the ________ and ________ of sound waves transfer _______

Answer 18

compressions; rarefactions; energy

Question 19

sound cannot travel through a…

Answer 19

vacuum

Question 20

the ear detects sound waves and converts them to…

Answer 20

electrical impulses

Question 21

the loudness of a sound depends on its ___________, and the pitch of a sound depends on its ______________.

Answer 21

intensity; frequency

Question 22

tight, dense compressions in a sound wave mean:

Answer 22

higher intensity, loudness, and more energy

Question 23

sound intensity is measured in…

Answer 23

decibels

Question 24

pitch is most strongly related to…

Answer 24

frequency

Question 25

a musical instrument produces combinations of __________ that determine how the instrument sounds

Answer 25

frequencies

Question 26

what describes the differences between sounds of the same pitch and loudness?

Answer 26

quality of sound

Question 27

_____ ________ results from specific combinations of fréquences produced in various musical instruments

Answer 27

sound quality

Question 28

the interference of two waves with different frequencies produces…

Answer 28

beats

Question 29

sound waves are used to… (describe common uses in everyday life)

Answer 29

locate objects, form images, and treat medical problems

Question 30

bats locate objects by…

Answer 30

emitting sound and then interpreting their reflected sound waves

Question 31

humans using ______ can interpret reflected sound to…

Answer 31

sonar; locate objects underwater

Question 32

high-frequency sound waves are useful for…

Answer 32

detecting and monitoring certain medical conditions