Chapter 5 - The Religious Setting

Question 1

Monotheism

Answer 1

Belief in only one true God. Fist great monotheistic religion

Question 2

Yahweh (Lord)

Answer 2

Israel’s covenant name for God

Question 3

Covenant

Answer 3

A solemn binding agreement between two parties.

The Bible is structured around Gods covenant relationship with his people

Question 4

Torah (the law)

Answer 4

The law given by God to Israel through Moses. Like the commandments given by God, etc

Question 5

Jerusalem temple

Answer 5

The central place of worship for Israel. Sacrifices were to be made only in the Jerusalem temple

Question 6

Synagogues

Answer 6

the local Jewish meeting places used for worship, study, assemblies, and social events

Question 7

Tabernacle

Answer 7

The portable temple, also called “the tent of meeting,” which the Israelites carried with them through the wilderness

Question 8

Levites

Answer 8

descendants of Levi

Question 9

Priests

Answer 9

Levites from the family of Aaron, who served as priests in the temple

Question 10

High priest

Answer 10

The highest religious office in Judaism. The the high priests oversaw temple worship and the religious life of the Jews

Question 11

Caiaphas

Answer 11

Jewish high priest from AD 18-36, and so the high priests during Jesus’ public

Question 12

Sanhedrin

Answer 12

The Jewish high court

Question 13

Scribes

Answer 13

Experts in the law of Moses

Question 14

Sadducees

Answer 14

A religious and political party in first-century Judaism made up mostly of the priestly leadership and aristocracy

Question 15

Pharisees

Answer 15

A religious and political party in first-century Judaism which strictly adhered to purity laws and the law of Moses, both the written law and the oral tradition

Question 16

Son of David

Answer 16

A traditional messianic title referring to the messiah’s descent from the line of David, Israel’s greatest king

Question 17

Essenes

Answer 17

A Jewish sect which rigorously kept the law and often lived in monastic communities. The Dead Sea scrolls were probably an essene library

Question 18

Qumran

Answer 18

A Jewish community near the Dead Sea which likely produced the Dead Sea scrolls. Most scholars believe the Qumran community were Essenes

Question 19

Dead Sea scrolls

Answer 19

An ancient library discovered in caves near the Dead Sea in 1947 and likely associated with the first-century Jewish community at Qumran

Question 20

Eschatology, eschatological

Answer 20

Referring to the end times, God’s time of final salvation

Question 21

Zealots

Answer 21

Jewish insurrectionists who engaged in revolutionary activities against the Roman authorities

Question 22

Apocalypticism

Answer 22

A Jewish movement beginning in the second century BC which looked to Gods imminent intervention in history to judge the wicked and reward the righteous

Question 23

Davidic messiah

Answer 23

Jewish expectation for an end-times king descended from David who would reign over Israel in righteousness and justice

Question 24

Josephus

Answer 24

First century Jewish historian, our most important extrabiblical source for the history and culture of the first - century Judaism

Question 25

Philo

Answer 25

First century Jewish philosopher whose works help us understand the convergence of Judaism and Hellenism

Question 26

Apocrypha

Answer 26

A collection of Jewish texts written after the Old Testament period which are rejected by Protestants as authoritative scripture but accepted by Roman Catholics and orthodox Christians

Question 27

Pseudepigraphic

Answer 27

Having falsely ascribes authorship

Question 28

Rabbinic writings

Answer 28

Discussions and interpretations of the Jewish law produced by rabbis in the centuries after the destruction of Jerusalem

Question 29

Mishnah

Answer 29

The earliest of the rabbinic writing, put into written form about AD 200, composed of the rulings on a wide range of issues related to the application of Torah to everyday life

Question 30

Talmud

Answer 30

The complete body of Jewish oral traditions, including the Mishnah, the tosefta, and the Gemara

Question 31

Targums

Answer 31

Aramaic paraphrases of and expansions on scripture.