Chapter 4 - The Historical Setting Of The Gospels

Question 1

Second temple period

Answer 1

The period from the completion of the second temple (built by Zerrubbabel) to its destruction, approx. 516 BC to AD 70

Question 2

Alexander the Great

Answer 2

Macedonian King who military conquests of the eastern Mediterranean greatly advanced the process of hellenization

Question 3

Hellenization

Answer 3

The spread of Greek culture and language, whether by coercion, force, or natural appeal

Question 4

Kione Greek

Answer 4

The common language spoken for the trade and diplomacy throughout the Roman Empire

Question 5

Ptolemies

Answer 5

The dynasty which arose in Egypt following the division of Alexander the Great’s empire. The ptolemies controlled Palestine from about 323 to 198 BC

Question 6

Seleucids

Answer 6

The dynasty which arose in Syria following the division Alexander the Great’s empire. The seleucids controlled Palestine from about 198 to 166 BC

Question 7

Septuagint

Answer 7

The Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (the Old Testament) abbreviated with Roman numerals for seventy (LXX)

Question 8

Diaspora

Answer 8

“Dispersion” a reference to Jews living outside Israel

Question 9

Antiochus IV “Epiphanes”

Answer 9

The seleucid ruler who provoked the Maccabean rebellion because of his attempts to force hellenization on the Jews

Question 10

Hellenists

Answer 10

The adoption of Greek culture and language

Question 11

Hasidim

Answer 11

Hebrew term meaning “holy ones”

Question 12

Abomination of desolation

Answer 12

A desecration of the temple of Jerusalem by Antiochus IV epiphanes when he offered idolatrous sacrifices on the alter

Question 13

Judas Maccabaeus

Answer 13

Son of of mattathias and first great leader of the Maccabean revolt (Maccabeus means “the hammer”)

Question 14

The maccabeus

Answer 14

Name given to Judas and his brothers, who liberated Israel from Seleucid in the second century BC

Question 15

Hanukkah

Answer 15

The Jewish feast celebrating the victory of the Maccabees over Antiochus epiphanes and the rededication of the temple in 164 BC

Question 16

Hasmonean dynasty

Answer 16

The Jewish dynasty established by Judas and his brothers which ruled Israel following the victory of the Maccabees

Question 17

Idumean

Answer 17

A Greek form of the Hebrew “edomite” meaning a descendant of Esau, twin brother of Jacob and son of Issac

Question 18

Herod the great

Answer 18

The idumean (Edomite) ruler who gained the throne of Israel after the Roman conquest of Palestine and ruled from 37-4 BC

Question 19

Ceases Augustus (Octavian)

Answer 19

The first true emperor of Rome; ruler of the Roman Empire at the time of Jesus’ birth

Question 20

Pontius Pilate

Answer 20

the Roman prefect or governor of the Roman province of Jude’s from AD 26-36 during the time of Jesus’ ministry

Question 21

Herod antipas

Answer 21

The son of Herod the great and tetrarch of Galilee and Perea between 4 BC and AD 39 during the period of Jesus’ ministry

Question 22

Pax Romana

Answer 22

“Roman peace” peace and stability established by ceased Augustus

Question 23

Proconsul

Answer 23

A ruler of a Roman senatorial province

Question 24

Legate

Answer 24

A ruler of a Roman imperial province

Question 25

Prefect and procurator

Answer 25

Roman provincial ruler of a lower rank

Pontius Pilate was a prefect

Question 26

Jewish revolt of the AD 66- 73

Answer 26

Resulting in the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple AD 70

Question 27

Johanna Ben zakkai

Answer 27

Established and academy for the study of the law

Question 28

Bar khoba revolt

Answer 28

The second jewish revolt, led by Simon bar lose a and resulting in the end of the jewish state