Chapter 5 - The internet and its uses Flashcards
What is the:
Internet
a global infrastructure of interconnected networks. The world wide web is all the web pages that are accessible via the internet.
How is the:
Web page located
Through the URL (uniform rersource locator)
Has a text based address
can be access through a web browser such as google
URL address contains a protocol, a host, a domain name, and a web/file name
Where are:
Web pages held
on computers connected to the internet
What is a:
protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices.
What is:
HTTP
A protocol (hyper text transfer protocol) used to communicate across the web. Any data sent such as your name address or bank details can be seen and hacked.
What is:
HTTPS
The same as HTTP, but it is secure as the data transmitted is encrypted and cannot be understood by other people, and is authenticated to make sure the website is secure
What are:
Other browser functions
- Storing bookmarks and favourites
- Storing cookies
- recording user history
- allowing use of multiple tabs
- providing navigation tools
- providing an address bar
How is a:
Web page located
- The domain name server converts a website address into an IP address so that a browser on a client machine can make a request to the correct web server hosting that web page. If no domain name is found, an error message is sent back(other dns servers will be checked first)
What are
Cookies
Text files with small pieces of data used to hold user preferences, with persistent cookies which are saved since they are made and session cookies which are replaced every time the user visist the webiste
What is the:
URL
A text based address to find a web page which are accessed on web browsers
Uniform resource locator
What is the role of a:
Domain name server
To convert a website address (an URL) into an IP address so that a browser on a client machine can make a request to the correct web server. An error is sent if none is found
What is:
HTML
standard markup language for creating web pages using elements in tags
What are:
Digital currencies
Money-like assets that only exist in digital form and is exchanged digitally with no physical banknotes in circulation. For example, bitcoin
What is a:
Blockchain
Database technology used to form digital ledgers which is a time-stamped series of transaction recorded in a chain tracking the digital currencies movement
Each new transaction is added onto the transaction blocks
A transaction carries the user’s ID number and a reference to the previous block, which is a has total calculated with a hashing algortihm.
Change to data in the block creates ripple effects of incorrect hashes leading to incorrect hash totals, making the infor rejected, which maintains integrity and trustworthiness of the data.
Different types of:
IP address
not 4,6
Public - unique public address for the router for information given by the router
private - an ip address used just for the local network and cannot be found on the internet, and are not unique.
What is a:
MAC address
media access control
Hardwareindentification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network; it is nmanufactured into every network card and cannot be altered.
What is a:
Firewall
- software program that prevents unauthorised access to or from a private network
- All data packets pass through the firewall, which only allows authroized traffic
- System located between 2 networks where an access control policy is implemented between those networks
What are the:
Advantages of firewall
- Blocks unauthorized access and malicious traffic based on predefined security ruels
- Allows for detailed and customizable rules about which traffic can enter or leave the network
- Provides logging and monitoring of traffic patterns and potential threats
- Can segment different parts of a network to limit the spread of potential attacks or breaches
- Helps enforce security policies and compliance requirements by controlling traffic and access
What are:
Disadvantages of firewalls
- Can be complex to configure and manage
- Depending on the configuration, firewalls can introduce latency or reduce network performance due to traffic inspection
- A firewall alone cannot protect against all types of threats
- Advanced firewalls with extensive features and capabilities can be costly
What is a:
Proxy server
- A server that acts as a gateway or intermediary between any device and the rest of the internet
- A proxy accepts and forwards connection requests, then returns data for those requests.
- Uses anonymous network id instead of actual IP address of client, to hid IP address of client
- Is part of a firewall
What are the uses of a:
Proxy server
- Private browsing: the proxy substitues its IP address for that of the client, making it more difficult to identify the person behind a browsing session
- Connection Logging: All traffic through a proxy can be logged, which may be useful to an organisation for compliance or security
- Web filtering: Proxies can be configured to block users from visiting certain sites, including those that are potentially dangerous or inappropriate for work
- Content chaching: Proxies have the ability to cache content from commonly-visited static pages. This can reduce latnecy for their clients
What are the:
Advantages of proxy servers
- Reduces latency and improves performance by caching frequently requested content
- Distributes traffic across multiple servers, improving response times and availability
- Enhances security and productivity, by blocking access to specific websites or content based on policies
- Conceals client IP address, providing anonymity and protecting user privacy
What are:
Disadvantages of proxy server
- Proxer servers may log user activity, which could be a concern for privacy depending on the loggin policies
- If the proxy server fails, it can disrupt access to resources for all users relying on it
- Can be complex to set up and manage, especially with advanced features like load balancing and caching
- They do not offer comprehensive protection against all types of network attacks
What is an example of:
Firewalls
- Windows Firewall (part of Windows OS)
