Chapter 5: The Inhabitants of Planet Earth and Their Relationships (?/Jorden) Flashcards

1
Q

the nonliving component of the Earth

A

abiotic

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2
Q

the living components of the Earth

A

biotic

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3
Q

movement of nutrients such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and water through the environment in complex cycles

A

biogeochemical cycles

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4
Q

a place where a large quantity of nutrients sits for a long period of time

A

reservoir

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5
Q

a site where a nutrient sits for only a short period of time

A

exchange pool

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6
Q

the amount of time nutrient spends in a reservoir or exchange pool

A

residency time

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7
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

matter can be neither created nor destroyed

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8
Q

the condensation of water in the atmosphere from a gaseous state to form a liquid or solid that becomes dense enough to fall to the Earth due to the pull of gravity

A

precipitation

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9
Q

water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

A

groundwater

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10
Q

movement of water across the land’s surface that enters a drainage system that will eventually deposit into a body of water such as a lake or an ocean

A

runoff

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11
Q

the process of water returning to the atmosphere from Earth’s surface and other living organisms

A

evaporation

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12
Q

the process where plants absorb water then release large amounts of water vapor into the air

A

transpiration

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13
Q

the process where animals and plants breath in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide

A

respiration

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14
Q

the production of ammonia or ammonium compounds in the decomposition of organic matter, especially through the action of bacteria

A

ammonification

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15
Q

the process in which plants absorb ammonium, ammonia ions, and nitrate ions through their roots

A

assimilation

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16
Q

autotroph

A

producers; organisms that produce their own organic compounds from inorganic compounds. They use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances

17
Q

the accumulation of a substance, such as a toxic chemical in various tissues of a living organism

A

bioaccumulation

18
Q

true extermination of a species, there are no individuals of this species left on the planet

A

biological extinction

19
Q

the part of the Earth and its atmosphere where living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life

20
Q

an animal that only consumes other animals

21
Q

an organism, such as a bacterium or protozoan, that obtains its nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds, as opposed to photosynthesis

A

chemotroph (chemoautotroph)

22
Q

a stable, mature community in a successive series that has reached equilibrium after having evolved through stages and adapted to its environment

A

climax community

23
Q

the process of burning

A

combustion

24
Q

a few individuals exist but the effort needed to locate and harvest them is not worth the expense

A

commercial or economic extinction

25
formed from populations of different species occupying the same geographic area
community
26
the process that occurs when two different species in a region compete and the better-adapted species wins
competitive exclusion
27
an organism that must obtain food energy from the secondary sources by, for example, eating plant or animal matter
consumer
28
each of the feeding levels in a food chain
trophic level