Chapter 5~ The Industrial Revolution Begins Flashcards
Process of taking over peasant farmer land
Enclosure
Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine
James Watt
To separate iron from its ore
Smelt
Money used to invest in enterprises
Capital
Business in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, factories
Enterprises
Those who managed and assumed financial risks
Entrepreneurs
Cottage industry. Cotton given to families and into cloth then finished by artisans
Pulling out system
Invented cotton gin
Eli Whitney
Private roads built by entrepreneurs, people were charged a fee to use, goods travelled faster
Turnpikes
First major rail line
Liverpool
Railroad travel became faster
Manchester
Movement of people to cities
Urbanization
Multistory building divided into apartments
Tenement
Illegal workers organizations
Labor unions
British economist who said poverty was unavoidable because the population was greater than the food supply
Thomas Malthus
British philosopher and economist, believed in ultilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
Idea that the goal in society should be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
Ultilitarianism
People as a whole rater than individuals should own and operate means of production
Socialism
Farms, factories, railways, businesses that produce and distribute goods
Means to production
Utopian, set up community in New Canark, Scotland
Robert Owen
German philosopher, utopian ideas were unrealistic idealism
Karl Marx
Socialism where struggle between social classes equals a classless society and production owned by community
Communism
Have nots/working class
Proletariat
Political ideology of gradual transition from capitalism to socialism
Social democracy
Drug that prevents pain during surgery
Anesthetic
