Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tsarist Russia 1855-1964 > Chapter 5- The Growth Of Opposition To Tsarist Rule > Flashcards

Chapter 5- The Growth Of Opposition To Tsarist Rule Flashcards

1
Q

What event stimulated opposition?

A

Alexander II’s reforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why was there an increase in critical literature?

A

Relaxation of censorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why was there an increase in radical, independently minded students?

A

Relaxation of controls in higher education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What institutions set up by Alexander II encouraged challenge to the tsarist regime?

A

Zemstva
Dumas
New judiciary system (lawyers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are socialist groups?

A

Groups which believe in a fair and equal society- taking from the rich to give to the poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why were the liberal intelligentsia a relatively small group?

A

There were few educated and literate Russians (the majority were uneducated peasants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why did the power of the liberal intelligentsia grow?

A

They’re wealth, time and interest to invest in political matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why were members of the liberal intelligentsia so frustrated at the state of their country?

A

Many had travelled abroad and could see that Russia was extremely backward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two categories did most members of the intelligentsia fall into?

A

Westernisers

Slavophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were Westernisers?

A

Group of people that thought copying Western ways would make Russia more forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were Slavophiles?

A

People who thought that Russian traditions should be maintained in order for the country to be powerful and strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What an example of a significant Westerniser

A

Ivan Turgenev

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give an example of a significant Slavophile

A

Count Leo Tolstoy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How did Turgenev influence Russians in favour of Western ideas?

A

He was a Russian novelist and wrote novels including A Sportsman’s Sketches and Fathers and Sons, which educated people in favour of serfdom and addressed problems of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did Count Leo Tolstoy influence society?

A

Wrote Slavophile books- e.g. The Cossacks 1863
Set up a school for peasant children
Wrote War and Peace which established his reputation
Devoted himself to social reform
Supporterd non violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were the aims of members of the zemstva?

A

To improve the autocracy so that the Tsar would rule in conjunction with his subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why were the zemstva’s aims unsuccessful?

A

The Tsar was not willing to give his subjects a national voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did Alexander partially agree to the zemstva’s want for a national voice?

A

He agreed to the terms of the Loris-Melikov constitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why did the attraction of Slavophiles decrease in the 1890s?

A

The country wanted more industrialisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why did the intelligentsia split?

A

Through the belief of socialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which group were committed to socialism through Marxist ideology?

A

The Bolsheviks

22
Q

What was considered a great turning point in the development of opposition in 1891-2?

A

The Great Famine

23
Q

Why was the Great Famine a turning point?

A

It revealed the weakeness of the empire and people saw the great need for change

24
Q

Which group in society was part of the more radical form of opposition?

A

Younger generations

25
Q

Why did student idealism and radicalism increase?

A

Due to the oppression of the late 1860s

Influence of socialist writers (e.g. Karl Marx)

26
Q

Name two radical thinkers

A

Nikolai Chernyshevsky

Mikhail Bakunin

27
Q

What did Chernyshevsky suggest through his writings?

A

That peasants should become leaders of revolutionary change

28
Q

How did Bakunin influence Russian society?

A

He suggested that collective ownership should replace private ownership
Proposed that income should be based on hours worked
Translated Marx’s ‘The Communist Manifesto’ into Russian

29
Q

What is the Marxist theory?

A

Classes had always struggled but predicted that after the working class had dominated for a short period there would be a perfect Communist society in which everything would be equal

30
Q

Why was Marx’s theory irrelevant to Russia?

A

There was a lack of clear class system (no working class and hardly any factory owners)

31
Q

What writing truly influenced revolutionists to devote their lives to a radical path?

A

Bakunin and Nechaev’s ‘Catechism of a Revolutionary’

32
Q

What was the Tchaikovsky Circle?

A

Group responsible for printing and distributing literature including Das Kapital by Marx.
Sought revolution and education

33
Q

What did ‘going to the people’ mean?

A

Going to the peasantry to use them as a weapon for revolution

34
Q

What was another name for ‘going to the people’?

A

Narodnyism or populism

35
Q

Why did Narodnyism fail?

A

In 1874 Lavrov encouraged a large group to travel around the empire and encourage the peasantry that revolution would be beneficial. They believed the peasants would be agreeable due to their resentment of treatment after the Emancipation.
However the peasants became hostile and the group were quickly reported to authorities, who arrested them
Series of show trials held

36
Q

Why was Narodnyism in some ways successful?

A

They had spread the idea of radical into the countryside, which made the government more aware of it.

37
Q

What happened to Romas when he tried to populist ideas into avtion by setting up a store selling cheap fruit and vegetables?

A

Poor peasants were warned not to buy goods as rich peasants were violently threatening and caused an explosion.
Romas’ peasant assistant was murdered
He was forced to flee for his life

38
Q

Who were the ‘Land and Liberty’?

A

A populist group that

39
Q

How were Land and Liberty successful?

A

They worked within peasant communes, gradually gaining support and they even talked to zemstva about trying to change the autocracy to be more constitutional

Carried out political assassinations (killed the head of the Third Section!)

40
Q

How were Land and Liberty limited?

A

The government did not respond to them

No one in court was willing to comply with demand for change

40
Q

In 1879 Land and Liberty split into which two groups?

A

Black Repartition

The People’s Will

41
Q

What was the aim of Black Repartition?

A

To share the black soil provinces among the peasantry

42
Q

Why did Land and Liberty split into these two groups?

A

Black Repartition looked to working peacefully to produce change while The People’s Will resorted to using violence.

43
Q

How was Black Repartition successful?

A

It continued to create close relationships with peasants to gain support
literature spread

44
Q

How was Black Repartition limited?

A

It was weakened by arrests in 1880-81

Some leaders such as Plekhanov left and turned to Marxism

45
Q

Why was the People’s Will successful?

A

Planted a spy in the Third Section
Large group
Assassinated Alexander II in 1881

46
Q

How did opposition change after the assassination of the tsar?

A

Security tightened
Populist movement ended
However Marxism began to increase in popularity

47
Q

How did opposition after the assassination continue?

A

Some groups continued their work

48
Q

Which group continued after the assassination?

A

Muscovite Society of Translators and Publishers (self educative)

49
Q

Which group was established after the assassination?

A

‘Emancipation of Labour’ by Plekhanov in 1883

50
Q

Why did Marxist ideas begin to increase after the assassination?

A

Other groups stopped
Industrialisation increased
Workers organisations and illegal trade unions developed

Tsarist Russia 1855-1964 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions