Chapter 5 - The Dark Age

Question 1

Assyria

Answer 1

dominant Iraq/Iran Empire = Syria.

• Violent, started many wars; people are close to Hittites
• Assyrians come forward in dark age
• First and more dominant civilization to emerge ~1050 BC proto-geometric period

Question 2

Lefkandi

Answer 2

town on island, Euboea, off mainland Greece; had impressive house with burial in basement; burial has burnt male (in urn) and woman buried normally - maybe woman was a sacrifice to man that is a hero; gold things in burial 1000 years old form Near East

Question 3

Protogeometric

Answer 3

highly abstract style of pottery preceded more linear geometric style that appeared 900 BC
-characterized by cicrles/semi circles drawn by multiple compass that produces several lines at the same time -used for dating

Question 4

basileus

Answer 4

leading man in each community; wealthy oversees smaller community
-mean “king” but, not like Minoan/Mycenaean like a chief;
In Homer, major leaders are called “basileus”, sometimes wanakes

Question 5

Olympia

Answer 5

west Greece, site of Olympic games

Question 6

pithekoussai

Answer 6

“ape island” first Greek, Western Mediterranean colony used for trade in late Dark Ages

• Colonies were overflow of people sent to live elsewhere to make more room
• ~8 - 700 BC is Renaissance
• Phoenicians lived alongside Greeks; Phoenicia was top dog, sent out colonies as well

Question 7

Messenia

Answer 7

Territory that lies wast of Sparta, annexed by Sparta, enslaved

Question 8

Dike

Answer 8

means justice, in Hesiods’ Works and Days;

-Describes beginning of egalitarian society and how basileus are not following dike

Question 9

hekatompeda

Answer 9

Hundred foot temples, built from stone
-~ 800 BC later built in marble - known temples. -Houses for gods’ images.
Renewed emphasis in religion separating social power form religion; gods are distinct from kings.
-Burials no longer have wealth, temples have communal sacrifice of wealth.

Question 10

Late Geometric Style

Answer 10

(750 - 700 BC) - show humans in battles and at funerals

Question 11

Greek alphabet

Answer 11

• greatest cultural innovation, disappeared after 1200 BC,
• biggest difference from earler systems is that its not syllabary
• Phonetic languages took over, adapted Phoenician syllabary

Question 12

West Semitic writing

Answer 12

syllabary - Hebrew, Phoenician, Syrian languages