Chapter 5: The Authority of Scripture (Peter M. van Bemmelen)

Question 1

The authority of the Bible as the Word of God has been a major issue in Christianity, as well as in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, over the last few decades. Should the Bible be the final authority on all matters of belief and of lifestyle, or __(?)_\_?

Answer 1

The authority of the Bible as the Word of God has been a major issue in Christianity, as well as in the Seventh-day Adventist Church, over the last few decades. Should the Bible be the final authority on all matters of belief and of lifestyle, or should scientific and socio-cultural forces be allowed to influence what we permit the Bible to mean?

Question 2

As in other Christian churches that hold to __(?)_\_, historic biblical positions are under attack in the Adventist church, either outright rejected by some or modified almost beyond recognition.

Answer 2

As in other Christian churches that hold to a high view of Scripture, historic biblical positions are under attack in the Adventist church, either outright rejected by some or modified almost beyond recognition.

Question 3

For more than three thousand years, Jews have received the writings of Moses and of the Prophets as Holy Scriptures and, in addition to that, Christians have accepted the Gospels and the other books of the NT as deserving the same sacred designation. Scripture is __(?)_\_. The apostle Paul, writing to Jewish and Gentile Christians in Rome, raised the question, “What advantage then has the Jew, or what is the profit of circumcision?” His answer: “Much in every way! Chiefly because to them were committed the oracles of God” (__(?)_\_). The Scriptures are __(?)_\_. That was the conviction of the apostle Paul and has been the belief of untold millions of Jews and Christians through the ages; and it still is today.

Answer 3

For more than three thousand years, Jews have received the writings of Moses and of the Prophets as Holy Scriptures and, in addition to that, Christians have accepted the Gospels and the other books of the NT as deserving the same sacred designation. Scripture is God’s word written. The apostle Paul, writing to Jewish and Gentile Christians in Rome, raised the question, “What advantage then has the Jew, or what is the profit of circumcision?” His answer: “Much in every way! Chiefly because to them were committed the oracles of God” (Rom 3:1-2). The Scriptures are the oracles of God. That was the conviction of the apostle Paul and has been the belief of untold millions of Jews and Christians through the ages; and it still is today.

Question 4

The expressions “the Scriptures,” “Holy Scriptures,” or, simply, “Scripture” occur __(?)_\_in the NT. The Hebrew Scriptures, by Christians commonly called the OT, were a well-defined body of books consisting of three major sections: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings (__(?)_\_). Careful study of the way in which Jesus used the terms “The Scriptures,” “Scripture,” “It is written,” and similar expressions demonstrates clearly that __(?)_\_. [Footnote: See __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, 3d ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994), pp. 16-44.]

Answer 4

The expressions “the Scriptures,” “Holy Scriptures,” or, simply, “Scripture” occur more than fifty times in the NT. The Hebrew Scriptures, by Christians commonly called the OT, were a well-defined body of books consisting of three major sections: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings (Luke 24:44). Careful study of the way in which Jesus used the terms “The Scriptures,” “Scripture,” “It is written,” and similar expressions demonstrates clearly that He attributed to the Hebrew Scriptures ultimate and unquestionable authority. [Footnote: See John Wenham, Christ and the Bible, 3d ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1994), pp. 16-44.]

Question 5

For [Jesus Christ,] Scripture was the Word of God that cannot be broken (__(?)_\_). He repudiated the temptations of the devil with a decisive “It is written” (__(?)_\_). He frequently appealed to the Scriptures as forecasting His Messianic ministry (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_), and, after His resurrection, He explained from all the Scriptures to His disciples the things concerning Himself (__(?)_\_).

Answer 5

For [Jesus Christ,] Scripture was the Word of God that cannot be broken (John 10:35). He repudiated the temptations of the devil with a decisive “It is written” (Matt 4:4, 7, 10). He frequently appealed to the Scriptures as forecasting His Messianic ministry (Luke 4:17-21; John 5:39-47), and, after His resurrection, He explained from all the Scriptures to His disciples the things concerning Himself (Luke 24:27).

Question 6

Despite persistent denials by some modern scholars, there can be no serious doubt that the evidence presented in the four Gospels justifies John Wenham’s conclusion that “to Christ the OT was __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_. To him the God of the OT was __(?)_\_, and the teaching of the OT was __(?)_\_. To him __(?)_\_.”

Answer 6

Despite persistent denials by some modern scholars, there can be no serious doubt that the evidence presented in the four Gospels justifies John Wenham’s conclusion that “to Christ the OT was true, authoritative, inspired. To him the God of the OT was the living God, and the teaching of the OT was the teaching of the living God. To him what Scripture said, God said.”

Question 7

The Gospels record that Jesus Christ claimed for Himself divine authority. He could say, “For as the Father has life in Himself, so He has granted the Son to have life in Himself, and has given Him authority to execute judgment also, because He is the Son of Man” (__(?)_\_); “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth” (__(?)_\_).

Answer 7

The Gospels record that Jesus Christ claimed for Himself divine authority. He could say, “For as the Father has life in Himself, so He has granted the Son to have life in Himself, and has given Him authority to execute judgment also, because He is the Son of Man” (John 5:26-27); “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth” (Matt 28:18).

Question 8

The word “authority” is translated from the Greek word exousia, which has a fairly wide range of meanings, such as __(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; even ​__(?)_\_. In the texts cited [elsewhere], Jesus refers boldly to His absolute authority as the eternal Son of God, who in His incarnation also becomes the Son of Man, the Son of David, the Messiah. In view of His claims to supreme authority, it is significant that ​__(?)_\_. There, ​__(?)_\_, ​__(?)_\_, and, by them, ​__(?)_\_ (John 5:39-46; Luke 16:29-31; Matt 22:29-32; Luke 24:44-47). He did not come to do away with the Scriptures but to fulfill them, so ​__(?)_\_(​__(?)_\_).

Answer 8

The word “authority” is translated from the Greek word exousia, which has a fairly wide range of meanings, such as freedom of choice; the right to act or to decide; the ability to do something; authority; the power exercised by rulers by virtue of their office; even absolute power. In the texts cited [elsewhere], Jesus refers boldly to His absolute authority as the eternal Son of God, who in His incarnation also becomes the Son of Man, the Son of David, the Messiah. In view of His claims to supreme authority, it is significant that Jesus still directed the minds of all, whether followers or enemies, to the Scriptures as the Word of God. There, His Messianic claims were to be confirmed, issues of doctrine and life settled, and, by them, all would be judged (John 5:39-46; Luke 16:29-31; Matt 22:29-32; Luke 24:44-47). He did not come to do away with the Scriptures but to fulfill them, so confirming their authority (Matt 5:17-19).

Question 9

Some may object that it is a circular argument to derive the authority of Scripture from the supreme authority of Christ while relying on evidence itself derived from the Scriptures. The self-evident fact is that divine authority can be affirmed only by __(?)_\_, by __(?)_\_. As God swore by Himself to Abraham when He made a promise “__(?)_\_” (Heb 6:13), even so, God testifies to the authority of His Word by __(?)_\_, because __(?)_\_. It is the Holy Spirit, Himself God, who moved prophets and apostles to write the Scriptures to testify of Christ (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). And it is Christ, of whom the Spirit-given Scriptures testify, who puts the seal of His divine authority upon the God-breathed Scriptures.

Answer 9

Some may object that it is a circular argument to derive the authority of Scripture from the supreme authority of Christ while relying on evidence itself derived from the Scriptures. The self-evident fact is that divine authority can be affirmed only by God’s own witness, by His own Word. As God swore by Himself to Abraham when He made a promise “because He could swear by no one greater” (Heb 6:13), even so, God testifies to the authority of His Word by His own testimony, because there is no higher source than God Himself. It is the Holy Spirit, Himself God, who moved prophets and apostles to write the Scriptures to testify of Christ (2 Pet 1:19-21; 1 Pet 1:10-12; John 16:13-15). And it is Christ, of whom the Spirit-given Scriptures testify, who puts the seal of His divine authority upon the God-breathed Scriptures.

Question 10

Because the Scriptures come to us as the oracles of God, they speak with divine authority. But what does this mean? In this world, authority generally is based on position, function, wealth, power, education, beauty, certain skills, or some other asset that sets a person or a group apart. Religious traditions and customs often are vested with significant authority similar to the standing of the traditions of the elders, or fathers, among the Jews in the time of Jesus and of the apostles (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). All forms of human authority, however, are derived, and, in this world, temporary. By contrast, the authority of God is underived and eternal, because He himself is underived (__(?)_\_) and eternal (__(?)_\_). Because He is the Creator, God’s authority stands supreme over all His creatures, and all creaturely authority is subordinate to the authority of the Creator.

Answer 10

Because the Scriptures come to us as the oracles of God, they speak with divine authority. But what does this mean? In this world, authority generally is based on position, function, wealth, power, education, beauty, certain skills, or some other asset that sets a person or a group apart. Religious traditions and customs often are vested with significant authority similar to the standing of the traditions of the elders, or fathers, among the Jews in the time of Jesus and of the apostles (Matt 15:2; Gal 1:14). All forms of human authority, however, are derived, and, in this world, temporary. By contrast, the authority of God is underived and eternal, because He himself is underived (Exod 3:14) and eternal (Ps 90:2). Because He is the Creator, God’s authority stands supreme over all His creatures, and all creaturely authority is subordinate to the authority of the Creator.

Question 11

While God’s authority is eternal and supreme, it is very different in character from that generally understood as authority in human practice. Jesus explained this difference to His disciples in the midst of a dispute among them concerning who should be considered the greatest. He said, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them and those who exercise authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’ But not so among you; on the contrary, he who is greatest among you, let him be as the younger, and he who governs as he who serves” (__(?)_\_). Then, referring to Himself, whom they recognized as Lord, He said, “I am among you as the One who serves” (__(?)_\_). Divine authority is rooted in __(?)_\_and exercised in __(?)_\_ and in __(?)_\_.

Divine authority rests primarily not on __(?)_\_or __(?)_\_, although both are divine attributes. Here is a sharp contrast between the divine government, based on __(?)_\_, and human government, based on __(?)_\_.

Answer 11

While God’s authority is eternal and supreme, it is very different in character from that generally understood as authority in human practice. Jesus explained this difference to His disciples in the midst of a dispute among them concerning who should be considered the greatest. He said, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them and those who exercise authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’ But not so among you; on the contrary, he who is greatest among you, let him be as the younger, and he who governs as he who serves” (Luke 22:25-26). Then, referring to Himself, whom they recognized as Lord, He said, “I am among you as the One who serves” (vs. 27). Divine authority is rooted in love and exercised in service and in self-denial.

Divine authority rests primarily not on supreme force or perfect knowledge, although both are divine attributes. Here is a sharp contrast between the divine government, based on love, and human government, based on principles of force and of self-exaltation.

Question 12

When asked by Pilate whether He was King of the Jews, Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would fight, so that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now My kingdom is not from here” (__(?)_\_). When Pilate asked again, “Are You a king then?” Jesus made it clear that His authority—His kingship—was defined by truth. He answered, “You say rightly that I am a king. For this cause I was born, and for this cause I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice” (__(?)_\_).

Just as Christ’s authority is based primarily on divine love and defined by truth, so __(?)_\_ speak to us with that same authority.

Answer 12

When asked by Pilate whether He was King of the Jews, Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would fight, so that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but now My kingdom is not from here” (John 18:36). When Pilate asked again, “Are You a king then?” Jesus made it clear that His authority—His kingship—was defined by truth. He answered, “You say rightly that I am a king. For this cause I was born, and for this cause I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth hears My voice” (John 18:37).

Just as Christ’s authority is based primarily on divine love and defined by truth, so the Scriptures speak to us with that same authority.

Question 13

It has long been recognized that there is a profound parallel between Christ, the Word made flesh, and Scripture, the Word of God, expressed in human language. The words of prophets and of apostles are not human words merely but the Word of God in human form. Paul thanked God that the Christian believers in Thessalonica “received the word of God which you heard from us… not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God” (__(?)_\_). It is really the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles (__(?)_\_).

Answer 13

It has long been recognized that there is a profound parallel between Christ, the Word made flesh, and Scripture, the Word of God, expressed in human language. The words of prophets and of apostles are not human words merely but the Word of God in human form. Paul thanked God that the Christian believers in Thessalonica “received the word of God which you heard from us… not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God” (1 Thess 2:13). It is really the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles (1 Pet 1:10-12).

Question 14

__(?)_\_ draws attention to this parallel [whereby “the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles” are understood as being “not human words merely but the Word of God in human form”—it is a general parallel] between Christ and the Bible:

“The union of the divine and the human, manifest in Christ, exists also in the Bible. The truths revealed are all ‘given by inspiration of God;’ yet they are expressed in the words of men and are adapted to human needs. Thus it may be said of the Book of God, as it was of Christ, that ‘the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us.’ And this fact, so far from being an argument against the Bible, should strengthen faith in it as the word of God” (5T 747).

Answer 14

Ellen G. White draws attention to this parallel [whereby “the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles” are understood as being “not human words merely but the Word of God in human form”—it is a general parallel] between Christ and the Bible:

“The union of the divine and the human, manifest in Christ, exists also in the Bible. The truths revealed are all ‘given by inspiration of God;’ yet they are expressed in the words of men and are adapted to human needs. Thus it may be said of the Book of God, as it was of Christ, that ‘the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us.’ And this fact, so far from being an argument against the Bible, should strengthen faith in it as the word of God” (5T 747).

Question 15

The parallel [whereby “the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles” are understood as being “not human words merely but the Word of God in human form”] often has been expressed in terms of the servant form of both Christ and the Bible. __(?)_\_ notes, “Both the divine Savior and the divine Scriptures bear the form of a servant even though both contain within themselves the divine glory.” While limitations to the parallel exist, it is appropriate to apply to the Scriptures what was said of the words of Jesus, “No man ever spoke like this Man!” (John 7:46), and also, “He taught as one having authority” (Matt 7:29). While Christ “made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness” (Phil 2:7, NIV), yet He spoke with divine authority.

Answer 15

The parallel [whereby “the Spirit of Christ that speaks to us in the words of the prophets and the apostles” are understood as being “not human words merely but the Word of God in human form”] often has been expressed in terms of the servant form of both Christ and the Bible. Bernard Ramm notes, “Both the divine Savior and the divine Scriptures bear the form of a servant even though both contain within themselves the divine glory.” While limitations to the parallel exist, it is appropriate to apply to the Scriptures what was said of the words of Jesus, “No man ever spoke like this Man!” (John 7:46), and also, “He taught as one having authority” (Matt 7:29). While Christ “made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness” (Phil 2:7, NIV), yet He spoke with divine authority.

Question 16

…while the Scriptures are given in the weakness and in the imperfection of human language, [Footnote: Ellen G. White makes this comparison, “The Bible is not given to us in grand superhuman language. Jesus, in order to reach man where he is, took humanity. The Bible must be given in the language of men. Everything that is human is imperfect” (1SM 20)] nevertheless, “__(?)_\_” (Prov 30:5), “__(?)_\_” (John 17:17), “__(?)_\_” (Heb 4:12), “__(?)_\_” (John 10:35), and “__(?)_\_” (Isa 40:8).

Answer 16

…while the Scriptures are given in the weakness and in the imperfection of human language, [Footnote: Ellen G. White makes this comparison, “The Bible is not given to us in grand superhuman language. Jesus, in order to reach man where he is, took humanity. The Bible must be given in the language of men. Everything that is human is imperfect” (1SM 20)] nevertheless, “every word of God is pure” (Prov 30:5), “is truth” (John 17:17), “is living and powerful” (Heb 4:12), “cannot be broken” (John 10:35), and “stands forever” (Isa 40:8).

Question 17

The Scriptures come to us as the Word of God. They address us with divine authority, the authority of the one true God. The words of the Shema, “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one!” (__(?)_\_), express the uniqueness of Yahweh, the God of Israel. The entire Scriptures, both Old and New Testament, recognize only one God. His authority is supreme above all other authority. Although His authority is based on love, it tolerates no rivals. He is the Creator of heaven and of earth, and no other beings can claim the same prerogative (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). He also is the only One who can save (__(?)_\_).

Likewise, while the words of God in Scripture reach us in a servant form, they nevertheless speak with supreme authority…

Answer 17

The Scriptures come to us as the Word of God. They address us with divine authority, the authority of the one true God. The words of the Shema, “Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one!” (Deut 6:4), express the uniqueness of Yahweh, the God of Israel. The entire Scriptures, both Old and New Testament, recognize only one God. His authority is supreme above all other authority. Although His authority is based on love, it tolerates no rivals. He is the Creator of heaven and of earth, and no other beings can claim the same prerogative (Isa 40:25-28; 45:18). He also is the only One who can save (Isa 43:10-12).

Likewise, while the words of God in Scripture reach us in a servant form, they nevertheless speak with supreme authority…

Question 18

Through Moses, God made clear to His people that nothing was to be added to the word and to the commandments that He had given through His servant and that nothing was to be taken from it (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). The principle that nothing is to be added to, or detracted from, the Word of God was repeated by other inspired writers. We read in __(?)_\_, “Do not add to His words, lest He rebuke you, and you be found a liar.” An even stronger warning is found in __(?)_\_. Some argue that these warnings deal only with specific portions of Scripture; however, it is evident that the Scriptures assert that no prophetic revelations, traditions, or writings are to be accepted as carrying divine authority other than those that have come to us through the divinely ordained prophets and apostles.

Answer 18

Through Moses, God made clear to His people that nothing was to be added to the word and to the commandments that He had given through His servant and that nothing was to be taken from it (Deut 4:2; 12:32). The principle that nothing is to be added to, or detracted from, the Word of God was repeated by other inspired writers. We read in Proverbs 30:6, “Do not add to His words, lest He rebuke you, and you be found a liar.” An even stronger warning is found in Revelation 22:18-19. Some argue that these warnings deal only with specific portions of Scripture; however, it is evident that the Scriptures assert that no prophetic revelations, traditions, or writings are to be accepted as carrying divine authority other than those that have come to us through the divinely ordained prophets and apostles.

Question 19

Moses warned against false prophets; their words, even if spoken in the name of the Lord, were to be rejected as presumptuous (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). On the other hand, the rejection of the words of the true prophets of the Lord was tantamount to a rejection of the authority of God, which ultimately would have fatal consequences (__(?)_\_). To a large extent, the history of Israel shows that acceptance or rejection of the Word of God through His chosen messengers determined the destiny of individuals and nations (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). Only the revelation given through Moses and the words of God’s true messengers were to be received as the Word of the Lord. Isaiah stated the principle of the exclusive authority of God’s Word succinctly, “To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no light in them” (__(?)_\_).

Answer 19

Moses warned against false prophets; their words, even if spoken in the name of the Lord, were to be rejected as presumptuous (Deut 13:1-5; 18:20-22). On the other hand, the rejection of the words of the true prophets of the Lord was tantamount to a rejection of the authority of God, which ultimately would have fatal consequences (Deut 18:15-19). To a large extent, the history of Israel shows that acceptance or rejection of the Word of God through His chosen messengers determined the destiny of individuals and nations (2 Chron 36:15-16; Neh 9:26-31). Only the revelation given through Moses and the words of God’s true messengers were to be received as the Word of the Lord. Isaiah stated the principle of the exclusive authority of God’s Word succinctly, “To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no light in them” (Isa 8:20).

Question 20

…in the NT, the principle of the unique authority of the Scriptures receives confirmation in the ministry and in the teachings of Jesus. He strongly warned against false prophets and false messiahs, who would seek to claim divine authority for their messages, while turning away from the Word of God (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). He also condemned the traditions superimposed upon the Scriptures, with their effect of nullifying the Scriptures’ supreme authority (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). The apostles issued similar warnings against false teachers, false prophets, false apostles, and their teachings (__(?)_\_; __(?)_\_; __(?)_\_; __(?)_\_). Any exaltation of human commandments or ecclesiastical traditions above the teachings of the Scriptures undermines the supreme authority of God’s Word.

Answer 20

…in the NT, the principle of the unique authority of the Scriptures receives confirmation in the ministry and in the teachings of Jesus. He strongly warned against false prophets and false messiahs, who would seek to claim divine authority for their messages, while turning away from the Word of God (Matt 7:15-23; 24:5, 11, 24). He also condemned the traditions superimposed upon the Scriptures, with their effect of nullifying the Scriptures’ supreme authority (Matt 15:1-9; Mark 7:1-13). The apostles issued similar warnings against false teachers, false prophets, false apostles, and their teachings (Acts 20:29-30; 2 Tim 4:3-4; 2 Pet 2:1; 1 John 4:1). Any exaltation of human commandments or ecclesiastical traditions above the teachings of the Scriptures undermines the supreme authority of God’s Word.

Question 21

The supreme authority of the Holy Scriptures, upheld by the Lord [i.e., Jesus Christ] and His apostles, came under challenge in succeeding centuries. Numerous heretics arose, twisting the Word of God and bringing in false teachings. In dealing with these dissidents, the response became __(?)_\_, allowing __(?)_\_ gradually to __(?)_\_. Although the church fathers of the early centuries often affirmed scriptural authority, __(?)_\_. The authority of the Scriptures also was __(?)_\_.

Answer 21

The supreme authority of the Holy Scriptures, upheld by the Lord [i.e., Jesus Christ] and His apostles, came under challenge in succeeding centuries. Numerous heretics arose, twisting the Word of God and bringing in false teachings. In dealing with these dissidents, the response became an undue emphasis on ecclesiastical authority, allowing tradition gradually to overshadow the authority of the Scriptures. Although the church fathers of the early centuries often affirmed scriptural authority, it diminished before the growing influence of church councils and, even more so, in claims to authority by the bishops, especially in Rome. The authority of the Scriptures also was diluted by allegorical interpretations, scholastic philosophy, and the addition of the Apocrypha to the canon of the OT.

Question 22

While forerunners of the Protestant Reformers, such as __(?)_\_ (c. 1329-1384), already had appealed to the Scriptures as the only standard of faith and doctrine, it was Martin Luther (1483-1546), Augustinian monk and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, who clearly enunciated the sole and the supreme authority of the Bible…

Answer 22

While forerunners of the Protestant Reformers, such as John Wycliffe (c. 1329-1384), already had appealed to the Scriptures as the only standard of faith and doctrine, it was Martin Luther (1483-1546), Augustinian monk and professor of biblical theology at the University of Wittenberg, who clearly enunciated the sole and the supreme authority of the Bible…

Question 23

When nailing his famous Ninety-five Theses against indulgences on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, [Martin Luther] did not yet recognize __(?)_\_, implied by his teachings. Two years later, in a debate with __(?)_\_ (1486-1542), Luther was forced to __(?)_\_. [Footnote: Harold Grimm in the introduction to his translation of Luther’s “Disputation and Defense of Brother Martin Luther against the Accusations of __(?)_\_,” observes that “The Leipzig debate is of great significance in Luther’s development as a reformer because he on that occasion publicly states __(?)_\_in unmistakable terms and showed that in the last analysis __(?)_\_. Therefore he could state without reservations that __(?)_\_.” Harold J. Grimm, ed., Luther’s Works, (hereafter LW) 55 vols. (Philadelphia; Fortress Press, 1957), 31:311.]

Answer 23

When nailing his famous Ninety-five Theses against indulgences on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, [Martin Luther] did not yet recognize the conflict between the authority of the Church and the authority of the Scriptures, implied by his teachings. Two years later, in a debate with Johann Eck (1486-1542), Luther was forced to appeal to the authority of the Scriptures as supreme above the authority of church councils and papal decrees. [Footnote: Harold Grimm in the introduction to his translation of Luther’s “Disputation and Defense of Brother Martin Luther against the Accusations of Dr. Johann Eck,” observes that “The Leipzig debate is of great significance in Luther’s development as a reformer because he on that occasion publicly states his evangelical conception of the church in unmistakable terms and showed that in the last analysis his sole authority in matters of faith was the Word of God. Therefore he could state without reservations that not only the papacy but also church councils could err.” Harold J. Grimm, ed., Luther’s Works, (hereafter LW) 55 vols. (Philadelphia; Fortress Press, 1957), 31:311.]

Question 24

When forty-one of Luther’s teachings were condemned in a papal bull in __(?)_\_, and he was accused of rejecting all the holy teachers of the church, he wrote an extensive defense of his position:

“Scripture alone is the true lord and master of all writings and doctrine on earth [emphasis supplied]. If that is not granted, what is Scripture good for? The more we reject it, the more we become satisfied with men’s books and human teachers.”

This emphasis on “Scripture alone” (sola scriptura) Luther maintained for the remainder of his life. Appearing before the emperor __(?)_\_at __(?)_\_, Luther said, “My conscience is captive to the Word of God.”

Answer 24

When forty-one of Luther’s teachings were condemned in a papal bull in June, 1520, and he was accused of rejecting all the holy teachers of the church, he wrote an extensive defense of his position:

“Scripture alone is the true lord and master of all writings and doctrine on earth [emphasis supplied]. If that is not granted, what is Scripture good for? The more we reject it, the more we become satisfied with men’s books and human teachers.”

This emphasis on “Scripture alone” (sola scriptura) Luther maintained for the remainder of his life. Appearing before the emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms, Luther said, “My conscience is captive to the Word of God.”

Question 25

For Luther, the authority of the Scriptures was based on the belief that __(?)_\_and that __(?)_\_. Repeatedly, he appealed to Scripture alone as the sole authority for faith and doctrine. [Footnote: This is evident from two of his writings produced during his ten months’ exile in the Wartburg Castle: “Against Latomus,” LW 32:133-260, and one of his model sermons in the so-called “Church Postil” entitled, “The Gospel for the Festival of the Epiphany, Matthew 2[:1-12],” LW 52:159-286, esp. 171-183.] This principle became embodied in the definitive statement of the Lutheran faith, __(?)_\_:

We believe, teach, and confess that __(?)_\_.”

Answer 25

For Luther, the authority of the Scriptures was based on the belief that only they proclaimed the true gospel of Christ and that they were the words of the Holy Spirit. Repeatedly, he appealed to Scripture alone as the sole authority for faith and doctrine. [Footnote: This is evident from two of his writings produced during his ten months’ exile in the Wartburg Castle: “Against Latomus,” LW 32:133-260, and one of his model sermons in the so-called “Church Postil” entitled, “The Gospel for the Festival of the Epiphany, Matthew 2[:1-12],” LW 52:159-286, esp. 171-183.] This principle became embodied in the definitive statement of the Lutheran faith, The Formula of Concord:

We believe, teach, and confess that the prophetic and apostolic writings of the Old and New Testaments are the only rule and norm according to which all doctrines and teachers alike must be appraised and judged, as it is written in Ps 119:105, “Thy word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.”

Question 26

Luther and other Protestant Reformers were well aware that the issue of the sole authority of Scripture involved other issues, such as __(?)_\_; __(?)_\_; and __(?)_\_. The Roman Catholic Church claimed that __(?)_\_. The faithful, therefore, needed to __(?)_\_. Over against this the Reformers upheld __(?)_\_.

Answer 26

Luther and other Protestant Reformers were well aware that the issue of the sole authority of Scripture involved other issues, such as the interpretation of Scripture; the clarity, or perspicuity, of Scripture; and the sufficiency, or perfection, of Scripture. The Roman Catholic Church claimed that believers needed the church to provide them with the correct interpretation of the Scriptures, for much in the sacred books was obscure. The faithful, therefore, needed to adhere to the interpretation given by the Catholic Church. Over against this the Reformers upheld the clarity, or the perspicuity, of Scripture.

Question 27

In August 1522, __(?)_\_ (1484-1531), the Swiss Reformer at Zürich, preached a sermon published the next month under the title “Of the Clarity and Certainty of the Word of God” in which he illustrated the certainty and the clarity of the Scriptures with many examples from the Old and the New Testament. After answering a number of objections, he stated in the conclusion of the sermon, “For the Word of God is certain and can never fail. It is clear and will never leave us in darkness. It teaches its own truth. It arises and irradiates the soul of man with full salvation and grace.”

Answer 27

In August 1522, Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), the Swiss Reformer at Zürich, preached a sermon published the next month under the title “Of the Clarity and Certainty of the Word of God” in which he illustrated the certainty and the clarity of the Scriptures with many examples from the Old and the New Testament. After answering a number of objections, he stated in the conclusion of the sermon, “For the Word of God is certain and can never fail. It is clear and will never leave us in darkness. It teaches its own truth. It arises and irradiates the soul of man with full salvation and grace.”

Question 28

Both Luther and Zwingli held that Scripture can exercise its authority and its transforming power only __(?)_\_. John Calvin (1509-1564) especially stressed the conviction that the authority of Scripture was established in the heart of the believers, not by ​__(?)_\_ but through ​__(?)_\_. The claim “that Scripture has only so much weight ​__(?)_\_,” he considered to be “a most pernicious error.” He pointed out that the Christian church was “founded upon the writings of the prophets and the preaching of the apostles,” therefore, the Scriptures “​__(?)_\_.” “Let this point therefore stand,” wrote Calvin, “that ​__(?)_\_”; consequently, “​__(?)_\_.”

Answer 28

Both Luther and Zwingli held that Scripture can exercise its authority and its transforming power only through the working and the illumination of the Holy Spirit. John Calvin (1509-1564) especially stressed the conviction that the authority of Scripture was established in the heart of the believers, not by the determination of the church but through the inward testimony of the Holy Spirit. The claim “that Scripture has only so much weight as is conceded to it by the consent of the church,” he considered to be “a most pernicious error.” He pointed out that the Christian church was “founded upon the writings of the prophets and the preaching of the apostles,” therefore, the Scriptures “must certainly have preceded the church.” “Let this point therefore stand,” wrote Calvin, “that those whom the Holy Spirit has inwardly taught truly rest upon Scripture, and that Scripture indeed is self-authenticated”; consequently, “the certainty it deserves with us, it attains by the testimony of the Spirit.”

Question 29

​Calvin presented many proofs to establish the divine origin and the authority of the Scriptures, such as __(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; ​__(?)_\_; and __(?)_\_. But he cautioned that

“…of themselves these [reasons or proofs] __(?)_\_, until our Heavenly Father, revealing his majesty there, __(?)_\_. Therefore Scripture will ultimately suffice for a saving knowledge of God __(?)_\_.”

Answer 29

Calvin presented many proofs to establish the divine origin and the authority of the Scriptures, such as the majesty of their content; their truthfulness; the fulfillment of their prophetic predictions; their marvelous preservation; their simplicity; and the consistent testimony of the church, through all ages, to their divinity. But he cautioned that

“…of themselves these [reasons or proofs] are not strong enough to provide a firm faith, until our Heavenly Father, revealing his majesty there, lifts reverence for Scripture beyond the realm of controversy. Therefore Scripture will ultimately suffice for a saving knowledge of God only when its certainty is founded upon the inward persuasion of the Holy Spirit.”

Question 30

By stressing the __(?)_\_ principle, the Reformers broke the ecclesiastical stranglehold by the Roman Catholic Church on the Scriptures’ authority and interpretation. No longer was the clear, historical and grammatical meaning of the Bible attenuated by allegorical interpretation. No longer were patristic tradition; scholastic philosophy; or conciliar, or papal, authority allowed to supercede biblical authority. No longer was the Apocrypha added to the canonical Scriptures as having the same divine unction and authority.

Answer 30

By stressing the sola scriptura principle, the Reformers broke the ecclesiastical stranglehold by the Roman Catholic Church on the Scriptures’ authority and interpretation. No longer was the clear, historical and grammatical meaning of the Bible attenuated by allegorical interpretation. No longer were patristic tradition; scholastic philosophy; or conciliar, or papal, authority allowed to supercede biblical authority. No longer was the Apocrypha added to the canonical Scriptures as having the same divine unction and authority.

Question 31

The Reformers did not foresee developments in succeeding centuries that would undermine confidence and faith in the truthfulness and in the authority of the Scriptures. A premonition of the process lies in the haunting question of Jesus, “When the Son of Man comes, will He really find faith on the earth?” (__(?)_\_). Faith in the divine origin and in the authority of the Bible is challenged by criticism of the Scriptures in countless ways. Geoffrey Bromiley observes:

The modern period brought new threats to biblical authority. On the one side liberal scholars engaged in literary and historical research that questioned traditional authorships, challenged factual reliability, rejected or refashioned divine inspiration, and promoted a relativism destructive to doctrinal and ethical absolutes. On the other side Roman Catholicism embraced a doctrine of papal infallibility which, along with the concept of dogmatic development, permitted the weakening of biblical authority by addition or expansion. [Footnote: Geoffrey W. Bromiley, “Scripture, Authority of,” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. ed., 4 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979-1988), 4:363.]

Answer 31

The Reformers did not foresee developments in succeeding centuries that would undermine confidence and faith in the truthfulness and in the authority of the Scriptures. A premonition of the process lies in the haunting question of Jesus, “When the Son of Man comes, will He really find faith on the earth?” (Luke 18:8). Faith in the divine origin and in the authority of the Bible is challenged by criticism of the Scriptures in countless ways. Geoffrey Bromiley observes:

The modern period brought new threats to biblical authority. On the one side liberal scholars engaged in literary and historical research that questioned traditional authorships, challenged factual reliability, rejected or refashioned divine inspiration, and promoted a relativism destructive to doctrinal and ethical absolutes. On the other side Roman Catholicism embraced a doctrine of papal infallibility which, along with the concept of dogmatic development, permitted the weakening of biblical authority by addition or expansion. [Footnote: Geoffrey W. Bromiley, “Scripture, Authority of,” International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev. ed., 4 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979-1988), 4:363.]

Question 32

In particular, __(?)_\_in its myriad forms has led even many sincere Christian believers to a limiting of the authority of Scripture, reducing it to some core essentials of Christian faith and morality. Whatever Scripture has to say about matters of a historical or scientific nature is subjected to the criteria of __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_ that a priori excludes supernatural causality in the realm of nature and in the flow of history. Such approaches generally tend to ignore, distort, or deny the express claims of the biblical writers in regard to the divine origin, authority, and truthfulness of their writings.

Answer 32

In particular, modern biblical criticism in its myriad forms has led even many sincere Christian believers to a limiting of the authority of Scripture, reducing it to some core essentials of Christian faith and morality. Whatever Scripture has to say about matters of a historical or scientific nature is subjected to the criteria of rigorous historical criticism and a naturalistic philosophy of science that a priori excludes supernatural causality in the realm of nature and in the flow of history. Such approaches generally tend to ignore, distort, or deny the express claims of the biblical writers in regard to the divine origin, authority, and truthfulness of their writings.

Question 33

Another important element in the modern debate about biblical authority is the issue of the scope or purpose of Scripture. The primary purpose of the Holy Scriptures is to make us “wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus,” stated in the words of Paul (__(?)_\_), or, to speak with the apostle John, “these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name” (__(?)_\_). Christ Himself, speaking of the OT Scriptures, criticized the contemporary Jewish religious leaders for their tragic failure in grasping this primary purpose, saying, “You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me. But you are not willing to come to Me that you may have life” (__(?)_\_).

The question in the debate about the scope of the authority of the Bible is not about the purpose of Scripture. Rather, the primary question is __(?)_\_. For twenty-first century Christians, the issue is not only the sola scriptura principle but also its correlate principle, __(?)_\_. The issue is not only __(?)_\_but also __(?)_\_.

Answer 33

Another important element in the modern debate about biblical authority is the issue of the scope or purpose of Scripture. The primary purpose of the Holy Scriptures is to make us “wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus,” stated in the words of Paul (2 Tim 3:15), or, to speak with the apostle John, “these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name” (John 20:31). Christ Himself, speaking of the OT Scriptures, criticized the contemporary Jewish religious leaders for their tragic failure in grasping this primary purpose, saying, “You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me. But you are not willing to come to Me that you may have life” (John 5:39-40).

The question in the debate about the scope of the authority of the Bible is not about the purpose of Scripture. Rather, the primary question is whether the authority of Scripture extends to the entire content of the Bible. For twenty-first century Christians, the issue is not only the sola scriptura principle but also its correlate principle, tota scriptura. The issue is not only whether we add to the authority of the Word of God but also whether we take away from it.

Question 34

In the hearts and in the minds of many Christians, criticism of the Bible has reduced the authority of Scripture to a bare minimum or nullified it altogether. __(?)_\_ addressed this issue in reference to ministers:

“Many professed ministers of the gospel do not accept the whole Bible as the inspired word. One wise man rejects one portion; another questions another part. They set up their judgment as superior to the word; and the Scripture which they do teach rests upon their own authority. Its divine authenticity is destroyed” (COL 39, emphasis supplied).

Answer 34

In the hearts and in the minds of many Christians, criticism of the Bible has reduced the authority of Scripture to a bare minimum or nullified it altogether. Ellen G. White addressed this issue in reference to ministers:

“Many professed ministers of the gospel do not accept the whole Bible as the inspired word. One wise man rejects one portion; another questions another part. They set up their judgment as superior to the word; and the Scripture which they do teach rests upon their own authority. Its divine authenticity is destroyed” (COL 39, emphasis supplied).

Question 35

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers. Moses included it in his final address to the people of Israel: “The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law” (__(?)_\_). His earlier admonition is that “man lives by every word that proceeds from the mouth of the Lord” (__(?)_\_).

Answer 35

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers. Moses included it in his final address to the people of Israel: “The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law” (Deut 29:29). His earlier admonition is that “man lives by every word that proceeds from the mouth of the Lord” (Deut 8:3).

Question 36

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers…

The… emphasis on believing and on obeying all words that come from God recurs in the NT. Jesus cited it in response to the temptation to deliver Himself from starvation through a miracle of divine power. He repeated Moses’ words that humankind shall live “by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God” (__(?)_\_). The Gospel narratives give evidence that Jesus not only had an unparalleled knowledge and understanding of the Scriptures but that He accepted all of Scripture as the authoritative Word of God. Following the resurrection, He gently chided two of His disciples for their slowness of heart to believe in “all that the prophets have spoken” (__(?)_\_).

Answer 36

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers…

The… emphasis on believing and on obeying all words that come from God recurs in the NT. Jesus cited it in response to the temptation to deliver Himself from starvation through a miracle of divine power. He repeated Moses’ words that humankind shall live “by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God” (Matt 4:4). The Gospel narratives give evidence that Jesus not only had an unparalleled knowledge and understanding of the Scriptures but that He accepted all of Scripture as the authoritative Word of God. Following the resurrection, He gently chided two of His disciples for their slowness of heart to believe in “all that the prophets have spoken” (Luke 24:25).

Question 37

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers…

…the apostles manifested the same faith in the entire Scriptures as the Word of God. Paul, before the Roman governor Felix, confessed that, “according to the way which they call a sect, so I worship the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the Law and in the Prophets” (__(?)_\_). To the elders of the church at Ephesus, he testified that he had not failed “to declared to you the whole counsel of God” (__(?)_\_). Later, in his Epistle to the Ephesians, he reminded the entire church that they were built “on the foundation of the apostles and prophets—Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone” (__(?)_\_). In his second letter written from Rome, sent shortly before his martyrdom, Peter urged believers “to be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior” (__(?)_\_). Writing in his final Epistle to Timothy, Paul reaffirmed the principle of tota scriptura in clear and concise fashion: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness” (__(?)_\_).

Answer 37

The principle is that all the Scriptures are to be received as the Word of God, speaking with divine authority. This is expressed in many ways by the biblical writers…

…the apostles manifested the same faith in the entire Scriptures as the Word of God. Paul, before the Roman governor Felix, confessed that, “according to the way which they call a sect, so I worship the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the Law and in the Prophets” (Acts 24:14). To the elders of the church at Ephesus, he testified that he had not failed “to declared to you the whole counsel of God” (Acts 20:27). Later, in his Epistle to the Ephesians, he reminded the entire church that they were built “on the foundation of the apostles and prophets—Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone” (Eph 2:20). In his second letter written from Rome, sent shortly before his martyrdom, Peter urged believers “to be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy prophets, and of the commandment of us, the apostles of the Lord and Savior” (2 Pet 3:2). Writing in his final Epistle to Timothy, Paul reaffirmed the principle of tota scriptura in clear and concise fashion: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness” (2 Tim 3:16).

Question 38

Although it is undoubtedly true that the primary focus of the tota scriptura principle is the authority of the Scriptures in the spiritual realm, we cannot limit that authority arbitrarily by excluding from it __(?)_\_, such as __(?)_\_ or __(?)_\_. In a penetrating study of the sufficiency of Scripture, Noel Weeks raises crucial questions, such as, “Does the Bible have __(?)_\_? Is it __(?)_\_? …Does the Bible __(?)_\_?” [Footnote: Noel Weeks, The Sufficiency of Scripture (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988), p. 85.] His clear-cut answer to these questions is that __(?)_\_. He argues that __(?)_\_. Therefore, __(?)_\_.

Answer 38

Although it is undoubtedly true that the primary focus of the tota scriptura principle is the authority of the Scriptures in the spiritual realm, we cannot limit that authority arbitrarily by excluding from it any area of human knowledge, such as history or natural science. In a penetrating study of the sufficiency of Scripture, Noel Weeks raises crucial questions, such as, “Does the Bible have a restriction to its authority imposed by its focus on salvation? Is it irrelevant to other major subjects or areas of life? …Does the Bible explicitly limit the range of its own authority?” [Footnote: Noel Weeks, The Sufficiency of Scripture (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1988), p. 85.] His clear-cut answer to these questions is that there are no such limitations in Scripture. He argues that Scripture not only focuses on Christ as Redeemer but also on Christ as Creator and as Lord of creation and of the whole history of the world. Therefore, no area of knowledge is excluded from the authority of Christ and His Word, the Scriptures.

Question 39

Some claim that since the Bible is not a textbook of science or history it should not be used as authoritative in these areas of knowledge. While this claim is __(?)_\_, it becomes a frontal attack on the authority of the Bible if ​__(?)_\_. Neither Jesus nor any of the inspired prophets and apostles ever questioned ​__(?)_\_or ​__(?)_\_. To the contrary, they affirmed ​__(?)_\_.

Answer 39

Some claim that since the Bible is not a textbook of science or history it should not be used as authoritative in these areas of knowledge. While this claim is true in a technical sense, it becomes a frontal attack on the authority of the Bible if the truthfulness of its clear record of the creation and its historical narratives is rejected or reinterpreted along lines of scientific theories or historical research. Neither Jesus nor any of the inspired prophets and apostles ever questioned the historical truth of the Genesis record or of any other part of the Scriptures. To the contrary, they affirmed the truthfulness and the divine authority of them all.

Question 40

The Reformers upheld the principle of the sufficiency of Scripture, primarily, though not exclusively, in reference to __(?)_\_, which centers in __(?)_\_. But that same principle must be upheld in regard to __(?)_\_, which centers in __(?)_\_. The Scriptures inform us not only that __(?)_\_but also __(?)_\_. The twin principles of sola scriptura and tota scriptura apply as much to __(?)_\_as to __(?)_\_.

Answer 40

The Reformers upheld the principle of the sufficiency of Scripture, primarily, though not exclusively, in reference to the doctrine of salvation, which centers in the person of Christ as Redeemer. But that same principle must be upheld in regard to the doctrine of creation, which centers in the person of Christ as Creator. The Scriptures inform us not only that God, through Christ, created this world but also how this was accomplished. The twin principles of sola scriptura and tota scriptura apply as much to the origin of this world and the human race as to their redemption and their ultimate restoration.

Question 41

The application of the sola scriptura principle to the doctrine of creation is stressed in Ellen G. White’s writings. She wrote, “It is the word of God alone that gives us __(?)_\_” (FE 536). She applies the tota scriptura principle to Christ as Creator and as Redeemer in these specific words, “The whole Bible is a revelation; for all revelation to men comes through Christ, and all centers in Him. God has spoken unto us by His Son, whose we are __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_” (7BC 953).

Answer 41

The application of the sola scriptura principle to the doctrine of creation is stressed in Ellen G. White’s writings. She wrote, “It is the word of God alone that gives us an authentic account of the creation of our world” (FE 536). She applies the tota scriptura principle to Christ as Creator and as Redeemer in these specific words, “The whole Bible is a revelation; for all revelation to men comes through Christ, and all centers in Him. God has spoken unto us by His Son, whose we are by creation and by redemption” (7BC 953).

Question 42

Ellen G. White was deeply concerned that many Christians, under the influence of scientific theories, rejected the biblical account of a six-day creation in its plain, literal sense. She considered this __(?)_\_” (PP 113). She observed that God __(?)_\_; hence, “__(?)_\_” (PP113). In view of this she stated categorically, “There should be a settled belief in the divine authority of God’s Holy Word. The Bible is not to be tested by men’s ideas of science” (PP 114).

Answer 42

Ellen G. White was deeply concerned that many Christians, under the influence of scientific theories, rejected the biblical account of a six-day creation in its plain, literal sense. She considered this a substitution of the authority of human reasoning “in opposition to plain Scripture facts” (PP 113). She observed that God never revealed to men the exact process by which He accomplished the work of creation; hence, “human science cannot search out the secrets of the Most High” (PP113). In view of this she stated categorically, “There should be a settled belief in the divine authority of God’s Holy Word. The Bible is not to be tested by men’s ideas of science” (PP 114).

Question 43

Although God’s authority is supreme, He does not force the will of His moral creatures. Humans, created in the image of God, were endowed with the power of choice. God respects that power, even in fallen human beings. Divine authority, based on __(?)_\_and on __(?)_\_, elicits from us a response of __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_. However, if we choose to reject His authority, we are __(?)_\_. Moses expressed this basic truth in these words:

“I call heaven and earth as witnesses today against you, that I have set before you __(?)_\_and __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_and __(?)_\_; therefore choose __(?)_\_, that both you and your descendants may __(?)_\_; that you may __(?)_\_, that you may __(?)_\_, and that you may __(?)_\_, for He is __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_” (Deut 30:19-20).

Answer 43

Although God’s authority is supreme, He does not force the will of His moral creatures. Humans, created in the image of God, were endowed with the power of choice. God respects that power, even in fallen human beings. Divine authority, based on love and on truth, elicits from us a response of faith, trust, obedience, and love. However, if we choose to reject His authority, we are separating ourselves from Him who is the source of our existence. Moses expressed this basic truth in these words:

“I call heaven and earth as witnesses today against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing; therefore choose life, that both you and your descendants may live; that you may love the Lord your God, that you may obey His voice, and that you may cling to Him, for He is your life and the length of your days” (Deut 30:19-20).

Question 44

Although God’s authority is supreme, He does not force the will of His moral creatures. Humans, created in the image of God, were endowed with the power of choice. God respects that power, even in fallen human beings. Divine authority, based on __(?)_\_and on __(?)_\_, elicits from us a response of __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_. However, if we choose to reject His authority, we are __(?)_\_…

Jesus applied the same truth to His own teaching. Anyone who hears His words and does them is a wise man who builds his house on the rock, and that house withstands stormwind and flood. Anyone who rejects His words He compares to __(?)_\_(Matt 7:24-27). Acceptance of God’s authority as expressed in His Word leads to life, eternal life; rejection of the authority of His Word, whether spoken or written, leads to __(?)_\_ (Ps 1:1-6; Prov 8:32-36; Rev 22:18-19).

Answer 44

Although God’s authority is supreme, He does not force the will of His moral creatures. Humans, created in the image of God, were endowed with the power of choice. God respects that power, even in fallen human beings. Divine authority, based on love and on truth, elicits from us a response of faith, trust, obedience, and love. However, if we choose to reject His authority, we are separating ourselves from Him who is the source of our existence…

Jesus applied the same truth to His own teaching. Anyone who hears His words and does them is a wise man who builds his house on the rock, and that house withstands stormwind and flood. Anyone who rejects His words He compares to a foolish man who builds his house on the sand, and the wind and flood sweep that house away (Matt 7:24-27). Acceptance of God’s authority as expressed in His Word leads to life, eternal life; rejection of the authority of His Word, whether spoken or written, leads to eternal death (Ps 1:1-6; Prov 8:32-36; Rev 22:18-19).

Question 45

God cannot, and will never, abrogate or surrender His divine authority. The same is true of the supreme authority of the Holy Scriptures, for they are God’s Word. The primary response to that authority by humans should be __(?)_\_. The Word of God addresses humans __(?)_\_: __(?)_\_, __(?)_\_, and __(?)_\_(Matt 22:37). Through His Word, the Lord not only invites us to __(?)_\_ (Isa 1:18); He also urges us to __(?)_\_ (Prov 23:26).

Answer 45

God cannot, and will never, abrogate or surrender His divine authority. The same is true of the supreme authority of the Holy Scriptures, for they are God’s Word. The primary response to that authority by humans should be a response of faith, issuing in willing obedience. The Word of God addresses humans in their totality: mind, heart, and soul (Matt 22:37). Through His Word, the Lord not only invites us to reason together (Isa 1:18); He also urges us to give Him our hearts (Prov 23:26).

Question 46

The Protestant Reformers understood that __(?)_\_. This conviction motivated Wycliffe, Luther, Tyndale, and others to __(?)_\_. In modern times the same conviction has led to the translation of the Bible, or portions of the Bible, into more than two thousand languages. Ellen G. White shared that position. In an article entitled, “__(?)_\_,” she wrote, “The Bible has been __(?)_\_,—to __(?)_\_, to __(?)_\_. The duty of __(?)_\_is to __(?)_\_. __(?)_\_” (ST, Aug. 20, 1894).

Answer 46

The Protestant Reformers understood that it is the privilege and the duty of all to read and to study the Bible for themselves. This conviction motivated Wycliffe, Luther, Tyndale, and others to translate the Bible into a language that common people could read and understand. In modern times the same conviction has led to the translation of the Bible, or portions of the Bible, into more than two thousand languages. Ellen G. White shared that position. In an article entitled, “The Bible to Be Understood by All,” she wrote, “The Bible has been addressed to everyone,—to every class of society, to those of every clime and age. The duty of every intelligent person is to search the Scriptures. Each one should know for himself the conditions upon which salvation is provided” (ST, Aug. 20, 1894).

Question 47

From a human standpoint, to hold the Scriptures in highest respect brings with it a valuable cluster of distinct benefits. Ours is an environment marked by an instability that, at times, plunges us into actual peril. How we cope with such situations has much to do with the quality of life and with personal satisfaction, to say nothing of our eternal destiny.

When honored as an authoritative message from God, this Book, although written many centuries ago, remains __(?)_\_. Through written communication with His human sons and daughters, He provides __(?)_\_. The God who made us remains active, not only in His sweeping universe but perpetually in our daily lives.

Answer 47

From a human standpoint, to hold the Scriptures in highest respect brings with it a valuable cluster of distinct benefits. Ours is an environment marked by an instability that, at times, plunges us into actual peril. How we cope with such situations has much to do with the quality of life and with personal satisfaction, to say nothing of our eternal destiny.

When honored as an authoritative message from God, this Book, although written many centuries ago, remains an immovable point of contact with our Creator. Through written communication with His human sons and daughters, He provides a source of ultimate stabilization that brings meaning. The God who made us remains active, not only in His sweeping universe but perpetually in our daily lives.

Question 48

In large part, the Scriptures are __(?)_\_. For superficial readers, this human side is often misinterpreted in ways that reduce the Bible to a remote, or even insignificant, role in their lives. In this, they miss the benefits that could be theirs.

Answer 48

In large part, the Scriptures are a written record of [God’s] personal intervention and of His guidance in human affairs. For superficial readers, this human side is often misinterpreted in ways that reduce the Bible to a remote, or even insignificant, role in their lives. In this, they miss the benefits that could be theirs.

Question 49

The Scriptures provide an authentic basis for understanding ourselves. Who are we? Are we really persons of worth or but passing shadows across the face of time and place? The Scriptures assure us that beyond mere skill in competition with others our personal worth rests on an intrinsic value, __(?)_\_. In this light, our value as persons is as secure as the written Word that brings us this truth.

Answer 49

The Scriptures provide an authentic basis for understanding ourselves. Who are we? Are we really persons of worth or but passing shadows across the face of time and place? The Scriptures assure us that beyond mere skill in competition with others our personal worth rests on an intrinsic value, creation and redemption by Christ. In this light, our value as persons is as secure as the written Word that brings us this truth.

Question 50

We witness the unifying power of the Scriptures. Beyond all the diverse peoples and cultures that are spread across our planet stands __(?)_\_, reaching out to every person, transcending in power and authority every cultivated practice or opinion. In this, it is the great unifier. In a centrifugal world, often brutally at odds with itself, __(?)_\_ brings peace and respect for every person.

Answer 50

We witness the unifying power of the Scriptures. Beyond all the diverse peoples and cultures that are spread across our planet stands one Word of God, reaching out to every person, transcending in power and authority every cultivated practice or opinion. In this, it is the great unifier. In a centrifugal world, often brutally at odds with itself, genuine adherence to God’s Word brings peace and respect for every person.

Question 51

__(?)_\_alone enables us to understand our destiny. Only there is __(?)_\_ and __(?)_\_. Only in __(?)_\_ do we find something that raw nature never could tell us: God is __(?)_\_, seeking earnestly to __(?)_\_, all of which is made possible through __(?)_\_.

Answer 51

The authoritative Word alone enables us to understand our destiny. Only there is a genuine account of our Creator’s character and how He brought us into existence. Only in His Word do we find something that raw nature never could tell us: God is benevolent, seeking earnestly to restore us to intimate fellowship with Himself in the near future, all of which is made possible through the ministry, the atoning death, and the resurrection of the Son.