Chapter 5 - Test Prep Flashcards
Where are the most active metals located
1A
The left side
where are the most active nonmetals
7A
the right side
As you go from left to right atomic mass (decrease/increase)
REVIEW - Teacher Key states SKIP
decrease
as you travel down a group atomic radius (decrease/increase), Why?
increase b/c the number of rings increase
A positive ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atom. Why?
Smaller, we took away electrons
A negative Ion is (larger/smaller) than it’s parent atom. Why?
Larger, we added more electrons
A negative Ion is (larger/smaller) than it’s parent atom. Why?
Larger, we added more electrons
A negative ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atoms, Why?
Larger, because # of rings increases
Elements in group one are called (hint 1 word)
Alkali metals
Elements in group two are called (hint 2 words)
Alkaline earth metals
As you go left to right on the periodic table, the elements go from (metals/nonmetals) to (metals/nonmetals)
metals to non-metals
Elements in groups 3-12 are called
transition metals
Group 17 elements are called
7A = Halogens
The most active element in group 17
Flourine
Group 18 are called, Why?
Noble gases
They do not interact with anyone eles
Elements in a group have the same number of ______________ and the same ________
valance electrons
Properties
The majority of the elements in the periodic table are (metals/nonmetals)
metal
The father of periodic table is
Dmitri Mendeleev
Elements in the periodic table are arranged according to their
Atomic Number (Mendeleyev use atomic Mass)
what is a metalloid, Where are they Formed?
- Elements that behave like non-metal sometimes and metals other times
- They conduct electricity (like metals) at high-temperatures
- Used in computers (microchips “Silicone Valley”)
- Located on the Metal Staircase
What physical state does each color represent
Black =
Blue =
Red =
Hollow =
Black = Solid
Blue = liquid
Red = gas
Hollow = Man-Made/Unknown State of Matter
List the Characteristics physical properties that distinguish the metallic elements from the nonmetallic elements?
- Luster = shininess
- Conductivity = Allows Electricity and heat to pass through
- Malleable = bendable/able to be shaped (non-metals are “brittle” break easily)
- Ductile = Can shape it into this wires
- Dense = contains lots of mass per unit of volume
Charactreristics on nonmetallics
Poor conducts
Dull appearance
lower melting point
What are 8 diatomic elements
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
chlorine
bromine
iodine
fluorine
astatine
What does it mean to be diatomic?
When an atom likes to bond to another identical atom.
What element is in group 4 AND period 5
Sn (Tin)
Ant - Zicromium
How many elements are in period 4
6
Ant - 18
How many elements are in period 6
6
Ant - 32
how many metals are in group 14
2 Sn and Pb (ignore row 7)
How many gaseous elements are there
11
How many elements exist in the liquid state at room temp
2
Why are groups sometimes called families?
Because there are many similarities among them, just like similarities among family members
Define: actinides
“floating row” at the bottom of the periodic table.
Belongs in row 7. Mostly man-made and or radioactive
Define: Alkali Metals
Column 1A. Highly reactive metals; explodes in water. Fr is the most reactive ** Excluding Hydrogen.
Soft Metals - Cut with a knife
Define: alkaline-earth metals
Column 2A. Less reactive than 1A
Ca inside bones and teeth and shells
Mg use in Photosynthesis
Define: anion
An Atom with a negative charge
What element category has the most ?
Metal
Define: cation
An atom with a positive charge
Define: Group
The “A” columns
vertical column in the periodic table
How many “A” Columns
8
Define: Halogens
Column 7A.
Highly reactive Non-Metals.
Forms diatomic molecules “HONClBrIF”
What is the most reactive Halagens?
F is the most reactive
Define: ion
An atom with a + or - charge
Atoms become ions by gaining or losing Valence e-s
atoms lose/gain electrons so there Valence ring is completely or fully empty, which makes them ore stable ions.
What is more stable an Ion or an Atom
Ions
Define: lanthanides
“Floating row” at the bottom of the periodic table.
Ant- Core “Earth Metals” 57 to 71
Belongs in row 6.
Mostly Man-made
Define: Metal
Metals are one of 3 major categories of elements
Most of the Elements are metals (92/118)
Lot of diversity, some are colorful (gold, copper) some conduct electricity, and some are malleable
All are solids except Hg
Many are hard/dense
Define: metalloid (semimetal)
There are six within the “Metalloid Staircase” B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
They are used in computer chips because sometimes they conduct electricity and other times they do not
Define: non-metal
Most are gasses
Some are solids, the solids are non-conductors and are brittle
What are the three major element groups?
Metal
Metalloids
Non-Metals
Define: Period
The Rows
There are 7 of them
Each Period (row) means # of rings
Define: Periodic Law
The Columns
The idea that elements that have similar properties are grouped into columns, properties repeat themselves within the column
Define: Transition “non-metal” elements
Columns 3-12
These non-metals form colorful compounds, often used in paints
