chapter 5 structure and function of plasma membrane

Question 1

process of passing bulk material out of a cell

Answer 1

exocytosis

Question 2

passive process of transport of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient

Answer 2

diffusion

Question 3

process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins

Answer 3

facilitated transport

Question 4

membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

Answer 4

channel protein

Question 5

area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

Answer 5

concentration gradient

Question 6

characteristic of a membrane that allows some substances through but not others

Answer 6

selective permeability

Question 7

transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the concentration gradient of water across the membrane that results from the presence
of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

Answer 7

osmosis

Question 8

method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy

Answer 8

passive transport

Question 9

gradient produced by the combined forces of an electrical gradient and a chemical gradient

Answer 9

electrochemical gradient

Question 10

method of transporting material that requires energy

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

molecule with the ability to bond with water; “water-loving”

Answer 11

hydrophilic

Question 12

describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids
(sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity)

Answer 12

fluid mosaic model

Question 13

molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; “water-hating”

Answer 13

hydrophobic

Question 14

situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell

Answer 14

hypotonic

Question 15

situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell

Answer 15

isotonic

Question 16

membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

Answer 16

carrier protein

Question 17

situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell

Answer 17

hypertonic

Question 18

protein that coats the inward-facing surface of the plasma membrane and assists in the formation of specialized structures, like coated pits, for phagocytosis

Answer 18

clathrin

Question 19

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell

Answer 19

endocytosis

Question 20

substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

Answer 20

solute