chapter 4 cell structure

Question 1

material (primarily collagen, glycoproteins, and
proteoglycans) secreted from animal cells that
provides mechanical protection and anchoring
for the cells in the tissue

Answer 1

extracellular matrix

Question 2

firm seal between two adjacent animal cells
created by protein adherence

Answer 2

tight junction

Question 3

series of interconnected membranous structures
within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify
proteins and synthesize lipids

Answer 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

channel between two adjacent animal cells that
allows ions, nutrients, and low molecular weight
substances to pass between cells, enabling the
cells to communicate

Answer 4

gap junction

Question 5

structure within the nucleus that is made up of
chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary
material

Answer 5

chromosome

Question 6

linkages between adjacent epithelial cells that
form when cadherins in the plasma membrane
attach to intermediate filaments

Answer 6

desmosome

Question 7

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any
other membrane-bound organelle

Answer 7

prokaryotic

Question 8

cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and
several other membrane-bound compartments
or sacs

Answer 8

eukaryotic cell

Question 9

group of organelles and membranes in
eukaryotic cells that work together modifying,
packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins

Answer 9

endomembrane system

Question 10

plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis

Answer 10

chloroplast

Question 11

cellular organelle that carries out protein synthesis

Answer 11

ribosome

Question 12

rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects
the cell, provides structural support, and gives
shape to the cell

Answer 12

cell wall

Question 13

network of protein fibers that collectively
maintain the shape of the cell, secure some
organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm
and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable
unicellular organisms to move independently

Answer 13

cytoskeleton

Question 14

organelle in an animal cell that functions as the
cell’s digestive component; it breaks down
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids,
and even worn-out organelles

Answer 14

lysosome

Question 15

cellular organelles responsible for carrying out
cellular respiration, resulting in the production of
ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

entire region between the plasma membrane
and the nuclear envelope, consisting of
organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the
cytoskeleton, and various chemicals

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of
stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and
packages lipids and proteins for distribution

Answer 18

golgi apparatus

Question 19

region in animal cells made of two centrioles

Answer 19

centrosome

Question 20

phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or
attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates
the internal content of the cell from its
surrounding environment

Answer 20

plasma membrane

Question 21

gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell
structures are suspended

Answer 21

cytosol

Question 22

large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s
storage compartment, holds water, and plays a
significant role in cell growth as the site of
macromolecule degradation

Answer 22

central vacuole

Question 23

compartment or sac within a cell

Answer 23

organelle

Question 24

long, hair-like structure that extends from the
plasma membrane and is used to move the cell

Answer 24

flagellum