chapter 4 cell structure Flashcards
material (primarily collagen, glycoproteins, and
proteoglycans) secreted from animal cells that
provides mechanical protection and anchoring
for the cells in the tissue
extracellular matrix
firm seal between two adjacent animal cells
created by protein adherence
tight junction
series of interconnected membranous structures
within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify
proteins and synthesize lipids
endoplasmic reticulum
channel between two adjacent animal cells that
allows ions, nutrients, and low molecular weight
substances to pass between cells, enabling the
cells to communicate
gap junction
structure within the nucleus that is made up of
chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary
material
chromosome
linkages between adjacent epithelial cells that
form when cadherins in the plasma membrane
attach to intermediate filaments
desmosome
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any
other membrane-bound organelle
prokaryotic
cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and
several other membrane-bound compartments
or sacs
eukaryotic cell
group of organelles and membranes in
eukaryotic cells that work together modifying,
packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins
endomembrane system
plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
chloroplast
cellular organelle that carries out protein synthesis
ribosome
rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects
the cell, provides structural support, and gives
shape to the cell
cell wall
network of protein fibers that collectively
maintain the shape of the cell, secure some
organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm
and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable
unicellular organisms to move independently
cytoskeleton
organelle in an animal cell that functions as the
cell’s digestive component; it breaks down
proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids,
and even worn-out organelles
lysosome
cellular organelles responsible for carrying out
cellular respiration, resulting in the production of
ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
mitochondria
entire region between the plasma membrane
and the nuclear envelope, consisting of
organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the
cytoskeleton, and various chemicals
cytoplasm
cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
nucleus
eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of
stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and
packages lipids and proteins for distribution
golgi apparatus
region in animal cells made of two centrioles
centrosome
phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or
attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates
the internal content of the cell from its
surrounding environment
plasma membrane
gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell
structures are suspended
cytosol
large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s
storage compartment, holds water, and plays a
significant role in cell growth as the site of
macromolecule degradation
central vacuole
compartment or sac within a cell
organelle
long, hair-like structure that extends from the
plasma membrane and is used to move the cell
flagellum
