Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 111 > Chapter 5 - States Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - States Of Consciousness Flashcards

0
Q

Brain Waves

A

Tracings of electrical activity that is going on in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Consciousness

A

The awareness we have of ourselves & our environment

Different states associated with different brain wave patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Used to record brainwaves

Monitors electrical activity through electrodes placed on scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 Types of Brain Waves

A

Alpha
Beta
Theta
Delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alpha Brain Waves

A

Very relaxed, meditating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Beta Brain Waves

A

Awake & Alert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Theta Brain Waves

A

Lightly Asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Delta Brain Waves

A

Deeply asleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Biological Rhythms

A

Regular periodic changes in a body’s functioning

Effects sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 Types of Biological Rhythms

A

Circadian
Infradian
Ultradian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Biological cycles that occur about every 24hrs

Sleep follows a circadian rhythm

Ex. Hormone secretion, blood pressure, body temperature, and urine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Infradian Rhythms

A

Biological cycles that take longer than 24hrs

Ex. Women’s menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ultradian Rhythms

A

Biological cycles that occur more than once a day (over 24hrs)

Sleep follows an ultradian cycle of about 90min (as well as circadian)

Ex. Alertness, hormone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endogenous (Biological Rhythms)

A

Rhythms that originate from inside the body rather than depend on outside cues.

(In contrast some biological rhythms usually synchronize with environmental events such as change in daylight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biological Clocks

A

Endogenous rhythms exist bc the body has biological clocks that keep time

Bio clocks can be adjusted by environmental cues such as change in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

The main biological clock in humans that regulates circadian rhythms of sleep.

Lies in the hypothalamus

Light stimulates receptors in retina of eye -> receptors send signals to SCN -> SCN signals pineal gland which secretes melatonin (hormone regulating sleep cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone that regulates sleep cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Jet Lag

A

Fatigue and disorientation air travelers feel after a long flight

Experienced when the events in their environment are out of sync with their bio clocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of Sleep (3 theories)

A
  1. People conserve energy by sleeping periodically
  2. Sleep has a protective function, it keeps people tucked away at night away from predators
  3. Sleep restores body tissues that are depleted during daily activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electromyographs (EMGs)

A

Aid in research of sleep

Record muscle activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrooculographs (EOGs)

A

Aid in research of sleep

Record eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Electrocardiographs (EKGs)

A

Aid in research of sleep

Record heart activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sleep Stages

A

In one night’s sleep, people pass through several cycles of sleep, each lasting 90-100min

5Stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
5 Sleep Stages
``` 1 2 3 4 REM ```
25
Stage 1 (of sleep cycle)
When people fall asleep they enter into stage 1 Lasts only a few min Theta Waves Heart, breathing rates and body temp drop, muscles relax Fantasies or bizarre images may float around in mind
26
Stage 2 (of sleep cycle)
Lasts about 20min Short bursts of brain waves (sleep spindles)
27
Sleep Spindles
Short bursts of brainwaves | Seen in sleep cycle stage 2
28
Slow-wave Sleep
Stages 3&4 (of sleep cycle) Lasts about 30min (both stages together) Delta Waves Slow breathing, pulse rates, limp muscles, difficult to rouse
29
Sleepwalking
Become physically active during stage 4 Usually remember nothing when they awake
30
REM sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep Stage of deep sleep in which, paradoxically, brain wave activity resembles that of an alert person Aka paradoxical sleep Pulse rate, breathing become irregular, eyes move rapidly under closed lids & muscles remain relaxed. Genitals aroused Beta waves Dreams are most vivid
31
Sleep Deprivation
Different per person Negative effects on health, productivity, mood, cognitive&physical preformance 3types
32
3 types of sleep deprivation
Short term Long term Partial
33
Short Term (sleep deprivation)
Up to 45hrs without
34
Long term (sleep deprivation)
More than 45hrs without
35
Partial (sleep deprivation)
No more than 5hrs per night for more than 1 day
36
Aging & Sleep
Sleep less as you age | Proportion of REM sleep also decreases
37
Insomnia
Sleep disorder | Chronic problem with falling asleep &/or staying asleep
38
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder | Tendency to fall asleep periodically during the day against will
39
Sleep Apnea
Stop breathing while sleeping | Common in ppl 50+ and obese
40
Freud's Dream Theory
Dreams allow ppl to express unconscious wishes they find unacceptable in real life Manifest content vs latent content of dreams The plot acts as a disguise that masks the real meaning of the dream ``` Cigar= penis Tunnel/cave= vagina ```
41
Manifest Content (freuds dream theory)
The plot of the dream (Who's in the dream, what happens etc) The symbolic representation of the latent content
42
Latent Content (freuds dream theory)
The dream's hidden meaning.
43
Activation- Synthesis Theory
Proposes that neurons in the brain randomly activate during REM sleep Dreams arise when the cortex of the brain tries to make meaning out of these random neural impulses Dreams are basically brain sparks Need brain activity for cognitive thought
44
Lucid Dreams
People are aware that they are dreaming and may be able to control their actions to some extent within the dream
45
Altered States
Some states of consciousness don't occur naturally & must be induced Ex. Hypnotic states, meditative states, drug induced states
46
Hypnosis
Procedure that opens people to the power of suggestion Hypnotist encourages relaxation & sleepiness
47
Posthypnotic Amnesia
When hypnotized people are instructed to forget what happened during hypnosis, they later claim to have no memory of it
48
Ernest Hilgard
Proposed that hypnosis causes people to dissociate or divide their consciousness into two parts One part responds to outside world the other part observes but does not participate
49
Theodore Barber & Nicholas Spanos
Think people simply behave as they think they are expected to
50
Meditation
The practice of focusing attention People meditate to gain more control over physical & mental processes Increase in alpha & theta brain waves Slowed pulse & breathing
51
Psychoactive Drugs
Have psychological effects : change sensory experience, perception, mood, thinking, & behavior Can be recreational
52
Types of Recreational (psychoactive) Drugs
``` Stimulants Sedatives (Depressants) Narcotics Hallucinogens (Cannabis could be considered 5th type) ```
53
Stimulants
Increased alertness, energy, excitation, euphoria, confidence Anxiety, restlessness, irritability, sleeplessness, paranoia, increased aggressiveness, feelings of panic Ex. Nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, crystal meth
54
Sedatives (Depressants)
Euphoria, relaxation, less anxiety Impaired coordination, depression, lethargy, drowsiness, mood swings Ex. Alcohol, valium, xanax, barbiturates (seconal)
55
Narcotics
Euphoria, relaxation, less anxiety, less sensitivity to pain Lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, impaired coordinated, constipation Ex. Morphine, heroin, opium, codeine, hydrocodone (vicodin)
56
Hallucinogens
Euphoria, changed perception, hallucinations, insightful moments Nausea, paranoia, anxiety, feelings of panic, mood swings, impaired judgment, jumbled thoughts Ex. LSD mescaline, psilocybin(shrooms)
57
Cannabis
Euphoria, relaxation, increased awareness, changed perception Sluggishness, anxiety, impaired memory Marijuana, hashish
58
How do psychoactive drugs work?
Work by affecting neurotransmitter function. Drugs can: - cause more/less of a neurotransmitter to be released at synapses - block reuptake of a neurotransmitter - stimulate or block neurotransmitter receptors
59
Hallucinations
Sensory or perceptual experiences that happen without external stimulus. Drugs fool the brain into seeing things or hearing things
60
Chronic Use of Psychoactive Drugs
Develop Tolerance | Go through Withdrawal
61
Tolerance
As time goes by need more of the drug to get the same effect
62
Withdrawal
When people stop using a drug after a long period of regular use
63
Physical Dependence
When a person must take a drug to avoid withdrawal
64
Psychological Dependence
When a person keeps taking the drug bc of cravings

Psych 111 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions