Chapter 5: States Flashcards
What are biological rhythms?
Circadian Rhythms (= 24hrs) Infradian rhythms (< 24 hrs) Ultradian rhythms (> 24 hrs)
Sleep Stages
Awake
beta waves
Relaxed wakefulness
rhythmic alpha waves
Stage 1 Sleep:
mixed frequency waves
Stage 2 Sleep:
Sleep spindles
Stage 3 Sleep:
slow delta waves
Stage 4 Sleep:
mostly delta waves
Stage 5 REM Sleep:
higher-frequency saw- tooth waves, like beta waves, occurs at lighter stages
Hypnagogic Myoclonus
Falling Sensation
Waking up suddenly to a falling sensation and a strong muscle twitch (hypnagogic = drowsiness; myoclonus = muscle twitch)
What is the purpose of dreaming
Psychoanalytic: conflicts in you and come out in dreams; dreams are the connections to the conflicts/ repressed feelings. Put them away somewhere.
- Problem-focused: dreaming about problems in your life.
- Cognitive: Thinking; ex: women dreaming about family, friends, housework
- Activation-synthesis: Brain stem goes crazy, impulses come. Hyper active(brain stem) Signals go about wild, no calming cortex to say relax. Ex: nightmares being run over by a train. Acetylcholine- substance that flips your lid
“Dreamtime”
For Australian Aborigines, dreams can help to connect to social,cosmological, and physical surroundings
time that is all at once. Together as one. All integrated.
How does hypnosis work?
Dissociation Theories: split
Socio-cognitive Approach: playing roles.
Future Research: don’t know what happens with hypothesis.
Summary: Effects of hypnosis are overstated. But it can have real effects on those who are susceptible
Meditation
Intentional contemplation: period of quiet
Techniques vary: Clearing mind of thoughts, or focus on one thought, or observe breathing
Restful, revitalizing, can enhance well-being
Produces temporarily altered EEG-patterns: alpha-waves (associated with relaxation)
fMRI: less orientation in space = sense of
