chapter 5: spinal cord

Question 1

bell magendie law

Answer 1

afferent fibers enter spinal cord through dorsal roots of spinal nerves
motor & other efferent fibers leave by way of the ventral roots

Question 2

spinal canal and meninges

outside to inside

Answer 2

wall of spinal canal
epidural space
dura mater
arachnoid
subarachnoid space with dentriculate ligament
pia mater
cauda equina
conus medullaris
filum terminale

Question 3

From with part of the early development does the spinal cord come from?

Answer 3

the neural tube

Question 4

explain the rostral shift of the spinal cord (birth –> childhood –> adult)

Answer 4

birth: spinal cord opposite disk L2-L3
childhood: difference in growth continuous
adult: spinal cord opposite disk L1-L2
rostral shift of spinal cord determines direction of spinal nerve roots in subarachnoid space

Question 5

limb enlargements: spinal cord is enlarged in 2 regions of innervation of limbs

Answer 5

cervical enlargement: nerve supply op upper limbs

lumbosacral enlargement: innervation of lower limbs

Question 6

3 categories of neurons in gray matter

Answer 6

motor cells
cell bodies of tract cells
interneurons

Question 7

each side of spinal gray matter consists of

Answer 7

ventral horn
lateral horn
dorsal horn
intermediate zone

Question 8

white matter consists of 3 funiculi

Answer 8

dorsal funiculus
lateral funiculus
ventral funiculus

Question 9

ascending and descending tracts in dorsal funiculus

Answer 9

ascending: gracile fasciculus & cuneate fasciculus
descending: septomarginal fasciculus & interfascicular fasciculus

Question 10

ascending and descending tracts in lateral funiculus

dorsolateral and ventrolateral fasciculus

Answer 10

dorsolateral:
 - ascending: lateral corticospinal tract
 - descending: dorsal spinocerebellar tract
ventrolateral has only ascending tracts
 - spinothalamic tract
 - ventral spinocerebellar tract
 - spinomesencephalic tract
 - spinoreticular tract
 - spino- olivary tract

Question 11

descending tracts in ventral funiculus

Answer 11

• ventral corticospinal tract
• vestibulospinal tract
• reticulospinal tract
• medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 12

what are the spinal reflex?

Answer 12

• stretch reflex
• golgi tendon organs for monitoring of tension on a muscle
• flexor reflex
• intersegmental spinal reflexes