Chapter 5: Solutions Flashcards
Properties of water
- Polar
- Molecules interact through hydrogen bonding
- Exists in 3 phases: solid, liquid, and gas
- Surface tension (molecule cohesion)
- A versatile solvent
2 Types of water
- Free water
- Metabolically induced water
Solution
A liquid consisting of a mixture of two or more substance
Solvent
The dissolving agent (the aqueous solution)
Solute
The substance that is being dissolved
4 Properties of solutions
- Concentration
- Colligative properties
- pH
- Intracellular and extracellular fluids
Concentration
The molarity of the solution
- -1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 atoms (Avogadro’s number)
- -1 molar solution = 1 M
Colligative Properties
Characteristics of a given solution that depend on the number of molecules in a given volume
- Osmotic pressure
- -Freezing point depression
- -Boiling point elevation
- -Water vapor pressure
Osmolarity (Oms)
The sum of the concentrations of solutes
Osmotic Pressure
The movement of molecules from on concentration to another concentration through a selected barrier
Van’t Hoff’s Law
π= iRTc
π: osmotic pressure
i: number of ions formed by dissociation of a solute molecule
R: ideal gas constant (0.082056 1-atm/K.mol)
T: absolute temperature (273 °K)
c: molar concentration of solute (molar of solute per liter of solution)
Osmotic coeffient
Represents the dissociation of the solute in the solution
– Complete dissociation = 1
Isosmotic
Having equal total osmotic pressure
Hyperosmotic
When one side has greater osmotic pressure than the other side
Hypoosmotic
When one side has less total osmotic pressure than the other side
Acids and Bases
Regulation of pH inside and outside of cells and is intimately linked to both CO2 balance and ion transport activity
Strong acids
Fully dissociated in solution
–HCL
Weak Acids
Not fully dissociated in solution and can serve as a buffer
–H2PO4
Handerson-Hasselbach equation
pH= pK’ + log[A-]/ [HA]
pK’ is the point at which [A-] = [HA]
Buffer
A conjugated acid-base pair that prevents large pH changes with the addition of either H+ or OH- to a system
