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Physiology > Campbell Review (Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems) > Flashcards

Campbell Review (Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems) Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells with a common function

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2
Q

Types of tissues (4)

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

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3
Q

Simple squamous

A
  • Lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

- Permits exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

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4
Q

Simple cobodial

A
  • Lines kidney tubules and glands

- Secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules

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5
Q

Simple columnar

A
  • Lines most digestive organs

- Absorbs nutrients produces mucus

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6
Q

Stratified squamous

A
  • Outer layer of skin, mouth, vagina

- Protects against abrasion, drying out , infection

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7
Q

Stratified cubodial

A

-Lines ducts of sweat glands
-Either exocrine (secretes out of the organs) or
endocrine (secretes into organs)
-Secretes water and ions

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8
Q

Stratified columnar

A
  • Lines epidermis, mammary glands, larynx

- Secretes mucus

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9
Q

Basement membrane

A

Structural support that attaches epithelial layer to underlying tissues

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10
Q

Junctions

A

Holds epithelial cells together

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11
Q

Types of junctions (3)

A

Tight, Adhesion/spot desmosomes, and Gap

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12
Q

Tight Junctions

A
  • Serves as a barrier between the apical (top) and the basal (bottom) part of the cell
  • Polarizes the apical area of the cell
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13
Q

Adhesion junction/ Spot desmosomes

A

Some movement between cells

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14
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Protein channels

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15
Q

Types of fibrous connective tissue (5)

A

Loose, Dense, Elastic, and Reticular

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16
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Surrounds many organs, lines cavities around blood vessels

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17
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, and deeper layers of skin

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18
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Surrounds stomach and bladder, maintains shape

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19
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Internal framework of soft organs (such as the liver) and lymphatic system

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20
Q

Types of special connective tissue (4)

A

Cartilage, Bone, Blood, and Adipose

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21
Q

Cartilage connective tissue

A
  • Produced by chondroblasts
  • Found in lacunae
  • No blood vessels
  • High collagen content
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22
Q

Lacunae

A

Space within bone where cartilage in found

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23
Q

Bone connective tissue

A

Inorganic matrix with calcium slats for hardness

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24
Q

Blood connective tissue

A

Fluid matrix plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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25
Q

Adipose connective tissue

A
  • Fat cells

- Function in insulation, protection, and energy storage

26
Q

Types of muscle tissue (3)

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

27
Q

Nuerons

A

Specialized nervous system cell that contains a cell body, dendrites, and axon

28
Q

Glial cell

A

Supports cells to nuerons

29
Q

Organ Systems

A

Group of organs that perform a common function

30
Q

Type of Body Cavities (6)

A

Cranial cavity, Vertebral canal, Pleural cavity, Preicardical cavity, Abdominal cavity, and Pelvic cavity

31
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

32
Q

Types of Tissue Membranes (4)

A

Serous, Mucous, Synovial, and Cutaneous

33
Q

Serous membrane

A

-Reduces friction between organs

  • Contains two linings
    • visceral: inside lining
    • parietal: outside lining
34
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lubricates surface, captures debris

35
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lines spaces in movable joints

36
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

37
Q

Superior

A

Closer to the head or upper part of a structure

38
Q

Inferior

A

Farther from the head or towards the lower part of the structure

39
Q

Anterior

A

At or near the front

40
Q

Posterior

A

At or near the back

41
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the trunk (mid-line of the body)

42
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from the truck (mid-line of the body)

43
Q

11 Organ Systems

A

-Skeletal system
-Muscular system
-Nervous system
-Circulatory system
-Endocrine system
-Respiratory system
-Digestive system
-Urinary system
-Integumentary system
-Reproductive system
Lymphatic system

44
Q

Tiktaalik

A

The connection between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrae

45
Q

Osteon

A

Arrangement of cells in bone

46
Q

Skeletal system

A
  • Protects, supports, and anchors body parts
  • Produces blood cells within the bone marrow
  • Stores minerals
  • Provides structural framework for movement
47
Q

Two types of bone marrow

A
  • Red bone marrow (stem cells for producing blood cells)

- Yellow bone marrow (fat cells)

48
Q

Integumentary system

A
  • Protects from injury, infection, and dehydration
  • Participates in temperature control
  • Receives sensory input from the external environment
49
Q

Keratinocyte

A

Containing keratin within the epidermis

50
Q

Melanocyte

A

Containing melanin granules which give skin its pigment

51
Q

Muscular system

A
  • Produces movement of resists movement

- Generates heat

52
Q

2 types of control systems

A
  • Nervous System

- Endocrine system

53
Q

Nervous system

A
  • Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs
  • Detects both external and internal stimuli
  • Controls and coordinates rapid responses to these stimuli
  • Integrates the activities of other organ systems
54
Q

Endocrine system

A
  • Consists of pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and secreting glands
  • Produces hormones that regulate many body functions
  • Participates with the nervous system in integrative function
  • Contains non-neuronal cells and neurosecretory cells
55
Q

Circulatory system

A
  • Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood
  • Transports materials to and from all cells
  • Participates in the maintenance of body temperature
  • Participates in mechanisms of defense against disease and injury
56
Q

Lymphatic system

A
  • Consists of lymphatic tissue and organs
  • Returns excess tissue fluid to the circulatory system
  • Participates in both general and specific (immune) defense responses
57
Q

Respiratory system

A
  • Consists of lungs and trachea
  • Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between air and blood
  • Participates in the production of sound (vocalizations)
58
Q

Urinary system

A
  • Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
  • Maintains the volume and composition of body fluids
  • Excretes some waste products
  • Regulations of osmotic balance of blood
59
Q

3 parts of the Kidney

A
  • Medulla: inner layer
  • Cortex: outer layer
  • Nephron: functional unit
60
Q

Digestive system

A
  • Provides the body with water and nutrients
  • (The liver) Synthesizes certain proteins and lipids for the body
  • (The liver) inactivates many chemicals including hormones, drugs, and poisons
61
Q

Reproduction system

A

Females:
-Produces eggs
-Nurtures the fertilized eggs, developing embryo, and
fetus until birth
Males:
-Produces sperm
-Participates in the delivery of sperm to the female

Physiology (4 decks)

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