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Physiology > Campbell Review (Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems) > Flashcards

Campbell Review (Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems) Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells with a common function

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2
Q

Types of tissues (4)

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous

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3
Q

Simple squamous

A
  • Lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

- Permits exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases

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4
Q

Simple cobodial

A
  • Lines kidney tubules and glands

- Secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules

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5
Q

Simple columnar

A
  • Lines most digestive organs

- Absorbs nutrients produces mucus

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6
Q

Stratified squamous

A
  • Outer layer of skin, mouth, vagina

- Protects against abrasion, drying out , infection

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7
Q

Stratified cubodial

A

-Lines ducts of sweat glands
-Either exocrine (secretes out of the organs) or
endocrine (secretes into organs)
-Secretes water and ions

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8
Q

Stratified columnar

A
  • Lines epidermis, mammary glands, larynx

- Secretes mucus

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9
Q

Basement membrane

A

Structural support that attaches epithelial layer to underlying tissues

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10
Q

Junctions

A

Holds epithelial cells together

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11
Q

Types of junctions (3)

A

Tight, Adhesion/spot desmosomes, and Gap

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12
Q

Tight Junctions

A
  • Serves as a barrier between the apical (top) and the basal (bottom) part of the cell
  • Polarizes the apical area of the cell
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13
Q

Adhesion junction/ Spot desmosomes

A

Some movement between cells

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14
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Protein channels

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15
Q

Types of fibrous connective tissue (5)

A

Loose, Dense, Elastic, and Reticular

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16
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Surrounds many organs, lines cavities around blood vessels

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17
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, and deeper layers of skin

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18
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Surrounds stomach and bladder, maintains shape

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19
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Internal framework of soft organs (such as the liver) and lymphatic system

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20
Q

Types of special connective tissue (4)

A

Cartilage, Bone, Blood, and Adipose

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21
Q

Cartilage connective tissue

A
  • Produced by chondroblasts
  • Found in lacunae
  • No blood vessels
  • High collagen content
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22
Q

Lacunae

A

Space within bone where cartilage in found

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23
Q

Bone connective tissue

A

Inorganic matrix with calcium slats for hardness

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24
Q

Blood connective tissue

A

Fluid matrix plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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25
Adipose connective tissue
- Fat cells | - Function in insulation, protection, and energy storage
26
Types of muscle tissue (3)
Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
27
Nuerons
Specialized nervous system cell that contains a cell body, dendrites, and axon
28
Glial cell
Supports cells to nuerons
29
Organ Systems
Group of organs that perform a common function
30
Type of Body Cavities (6)
Cranial cavity, Vertebral canal, Pleural cavity, Preicardical cavity, Abdominal cavity, and Pelvic cavity
31
Diaphragm
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
32
Types of Tissue Membranes (4)
Serous, Mucous, Synovial, and Cutaneous
33
Serous membrane
-Reduces friction between organs - Contains two linings - visceral: inside lining - parietal: outside lining
34
Mucous membrane
Lubricates surface, captures debris
35
Synovial membrane
Lines spaces in movable joints
36
Cutaneous membrane
Skin
37
Superior
Closer to the head or upper part of a structure
38
Inferior
Farther from the head or towards the lower part of the structure
39
Anterior
At or near the front
40
Posterior
At or near the back
41
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk (mid-line of the body)
42
Distal
Farther away from the truck (mid-line of the body)
43
11 Organ Systems
-Skeletal system -Muscular system -Nervous system -Circulatory system -Endocrine system -Respiratory system -Digestive system -Urinary system -Integumentary system -Reproductive system Lymphatic system
44
Tiktaalik
The connection between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrae
45
Osteon
Arrangement of cells in bone
46
Skeletal system
- Protects, supports, and anchors body parts - Produces blood cells within the bone marrow - Stores minerals - Provides structural framework for movement
47
Two types of bone marrow
- Red bone marrow (stem cells for producing blood cells) | - Yellow bone marrow (fat cells)
48
Integumentary system
- Protects from injury, infection, and dehydration - Participates in temperature control - Receives sensory input from the external environment
49
Keratinocyte
Containing keratin within the epidermis
50
Melanocyte
Containing melanin granules which give skin its pigment
51
Muscular system
- Produces movement of resists movement | - Generates heat
52
2 types of control systems
- Nervous System | - Endocrine system
53
Nervous system
- Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs - Detects both external and internal stimuli - Controls and coordinates rapid responses to these stimuli - Integrates the activities of other organ systems
54
Endocrine system
- Consists of pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and secreting glands - Produces hormones that regulate many body functions - Participates with the nervous system in integrative function - Contains non-neuronal cells and neurosecretory cells
55
Circulatory system
- Consists of heart, blood vessels, and blood - Transports materials to and from all cells - Participates in the maintenance of body temperature - Participates in mechanisms of defense against disease and injury
56
Lymphatic system
- Consists of lymphatic tissue and organs - Returns excess tissue fluid to the circulatory system - Participates in both general and specific (immune) defense responses
57
Respiratory system
- Consists of lungs and trachea - Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between air and blood - Participates in the production of sound (vocalizations)
58
Urinary system
- Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra - Maintains the volume and composition of body fluids - Excretes some waste products - Regulations of osmotic balance of blood
59
3 parts of the Kidney
- Medulla: inner layer - Cortex: outer layer - Nephron: functional unit
60
Digestive system
- Provides the body with water and nutrients - (The liver) Synthesizes certain proteins and lipids for the body - (The liver) inactivates many chemicals including hormones, drugs, and poisons
61
Reproduction system
Females: -Produces eggs -Nurtures the fertilized eggs, developing embryo, and fetus until birth Males: -Produces sperm -Participates in the delivery of sperm to the female

Physiology (4 decks)

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